Temporal characteristics of agarwood formation in Aquilaria sinensis after applying whole-tree agarwood-inducing technique

doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2022.07.003

Archive > Volume 15 Issue 1 > 2023,15(1):37-44. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2022.07.003 Prev Next

基于通體結(jié)香技術(shù)的沉香形成時間變化規(guī)律研究

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Temporal characteristics of agarwood formation in Aquilaria sinensis after applying whole-tree agarwood-inducing technique

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摘要:

目的：沉香是沉香屬植物受傷后的產(chǎn)物，是高價值的藥材和香料的原料。沉香通體結(jié)香技術(shù)已被廣泛用于生產(chǎn)沉香。但基于通體結(jié)香技術(shù)的沉香形成隨時間變化規(guī)律尚不清楚。為促進(jìn)通體結(jié)香技術(shù)的高效利用和升級，本文對通體結(jié)香技術(shù)實(shí)施后一年內(nèi)沉香的形成動態(tài)過程和機(jī)理進(jìn)行了分析。方法：參照《中國藥典》(2020版)對沉香的結(jié)香率率、阻隔層顯微特征、浸出物、沉香四醇及特征圖譜進(jìn)行檢測。結(jié)果：通過1年的比較，運(yùn)用通體結(jié)香技術(shù)處理與對照相比具有更高的結(jié)香率。醇溶性浸出物含量和沉香四醇含量總體呈增長趨勢、波動變化特征，分別在結(jié)香第 5 個月、第 6 個月第一次達(dá)到峰值，在第 11 個月第二次達(dá)到峰值。結(jié)香 1-12 個月沉香樣品特征圖譜與對照藥材一致；結(jié)香 4 個月樣品各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均可達(dá)到《中國藥典》（2020 年）的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。此外，觀察到結(jié)香第 4 個月出現(xiàn)阻隔層。醇溶性浸出物在結(jié)香2個月的沉香樣品中含量超過10.0%，結(jié)香4個月樣品中的沉香四醇含量超過0.10%。結(jié)論：依據(jù)《中國藥典》，沉香醇溶性提取物含量不應(yīng)低于10.0%，沉香醇控含量應(yīng)超過0.10%。經(jīng)過通體結(jié)香技術(shù)處理4個月，形成的沉香理論上符合藥典標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，適合開發(fā)利用。通體結(jié)香技術(shù)的最佳采收時間為第11個月，其次為第6個月。因此，通體結(jié)香技術(shù)可快速形成沉香，并可穩(wěn)定積累醇溶性提取物和沉香四醇。由此可見，該方法是可大規(guī)模應(yīng)用于栽培沉香林生產(chǎn)沉香的有效方法，可為醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)業(yè)提供沉香原料。

Abstract:

Objective: Agarwood—a resinous wood produced by Aquilaria plants in response to injury or artificial induction—is a valuable medicinal and fragrance resource. Whole-Tree Agarwood-Inducing Technique (Agar-WIT) has been widely used to produce agarwood. However, the time-dependent characteristics of agarwood formation induced by Agar-WIT are yet to be clarified. To promote technologically efficient utilization and upgradation of Agar-WIT, the dynamic process and mechanism of agarwood formation were analyzed for one year. Methods: Agarwood formation percentage, barrier layer microscopic properties, extract levels, compound level, and characteristic chromatograms of agarwood were examined by referring to the Chinese Pharmacopeia (2020 version). Results: Agar-WIT could maintain a high percentage of agarwood formation over one year compared with that of healthy plants. Alcohol-soluble extract and agarotetrol levels showed fluctuating cyclic changes with peaks occurring first during the fifth and sixth months, and subsequently in the 11th month. Aquilaria trees subjected to Agar-WIT treatment for 1–12 months showed significant characteristics of a dynamic agarwood formation process. The barrier layer began to appear in the fourth month after treatment. Alcohol-soluble extractive levels in agarwood formed in the second month, and thereafter, exceeded 10.0%, and agarotetrol in agarwood produced after four months or later, exceeded 0.10%. Conclusion: According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, alcohol-soluble extractive levels in agarwood should not be less than 10.0% and agarotetrol level should exceed 0.10%. After four months of Agar-WIT treatment, the formed agarwood theoretically met these standards and was suitable for developed and utilization. However, the optimal harvest time was found to be the 11th month, followed by the sixth month after Agar-WIT treatment. Therefore, Agar-WIT resulted in swift agarwood formation and stable accumulation of alcohol-soluble extracts and agarotetrol. Thus, this method is efficient for large-scale cultivation of Aquilaria sinensis to produce agarwood and provide raw materials for the agarwood medicinal industry.

關(guān)鍵詞:

沉香四醇;沉香;醇溶萃取;沉香;通體結(jié)香技術(shù)

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This work was supported by the funding from the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2018YFC1706400). We are grateful to the Undergraduate Interns Xinyin Qin from Hainan Medical University and Baixue Yuan from Hainan College of Vocation and Technique for their assistance in completing a part of the experimental work. We also thank Dr. Jianwei Li of Tennessee State University for English language editing.

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