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Archive > Volume 15 Issue 3 > 2023,15(3):383-390. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2023.02.004 Prev Next

蛋白質(zhì)：食用燕窩中被忽視的活性成分

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Proteins: Neglected active ingredients in edible bird's nest

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    摘要:
    食用燕窩是一種在亞洲，特別是中國有著悠久消費(fèi)歷史的天然滋補(bǔ)品，是金絲燕在繁殖季節(jié)將唾液與羽毛和其他成分混合形成的。蛋白質(zhì)是燕窩中最重要的營養(yǎng)成分，通過研究燕窩中的蛋白質(zhì)，我們不僅可以從分子水平上了解燕窩的成分，還可以研究其生物活性。因此，研究燕窩中的蛋白質(zhì)具有重要意義。此前對(duì)于燕窩中蛋白質(zhì)的研究是初步和粗略的，尚未有人對(duì)燕窩中的蛋白質(zhì)進(jìn)行總結(jié)和分析，并將這些蛋白質(zhì)的生物活性與燕窩的生物學(xué)功能聯(lián)系起來。本文重點(diǎn)介紹了燕窩中的蛋白質(zhì)，列出了不同蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)研究中鑒定出的蛋白質(zhì)，并介紹了最常被鑒定的蛋白質(zhì)的來源、結(jié)構(gòu)和生物活性，包括酸性哺乳動(dòng)物幾丁質(zhì)酶、賴氨酰氧化酶同源物3、粘蛋白5AC、卵蛋白酶抑制物、核結(jié)合蛋白2、45kDa鈣結(jié)合蛋白和78kDa葡萄糖調(diào)節(jié)蛋白。這些蛋白質(zhì)的特性與燕窩的生物活性密切相關(guān)。因此，本文可以為進(jìn)一步研究燕窩的功效提供啟發(fā)。

    Abstract:
    Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is a kind of natural invigorant with a long history of consumption in Asia, especially in China. EBN is formed by mixing the saliva of swiftlets (Aerodramus) with feathers and other components during the breeding season. Proteins are the most important nutrient in EBN. By studying proteins in EBN, we can not only elucidate their components at the molecular level, but also study their bioactivities. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the proteins in EBN. Previous research on the proteins in EBN was preliminary and cursory, and no one has summarized and analyzed the proteins in EBN and correlated the bioactivities of these proteins with the biological functions of EBN. This article focused on the proteins in EBN, listed the proteins identified in different proteomic studies, and introduced the sources, structures and bioactivities of the most frequently identified proteins, including acidic mammalian chitinase, lysyl oxidase homolog 3, mucin-5AC, ovoinhibitor, nucleobindin-2, calcium-binding protein (MW: 4.5 × 104) and glucose-regulated protein (MW: 7.8 × 104). The properties of these proteins are closely related to the bioactivities of EBN. Therefore, this article can provide inspiration for further research on the efficacy of EBN.

    關(guān)鍵詞:
    酸性哺乳動(dòng)物幾丁質(zhì)酶;生物活性;食用燕窩;賴氨酰氧化酶同源物3;粘蛋白5AC;蛋白質(zhì)

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    Project Supported:
    This work is financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (lzujbky-2022-ct03). The authors are thankful to Yingzhi Fu from Beijing Xiaoxiandun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. for providing the EBN photos.

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