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Archive > Volume 15 Issue 4 > 2023,15(4):588-593. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2022.11.006 Prev Next

土壤養(yǎng)分水平及氮、磷、鉀肥料交互作用對山藥產(chǎn)量的影響

Original articles

Chinese yam yield is affected by soil nutrient levels and interactions among N, P, and K fertilizers

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    摘要:
    目的 現(xiàn)有的山藥施肥方法不經(jīng)濟(jì)且對環(huán)境不友好，合理的施肥對于達(dá)成山藥高產(chǎn)、高收益且環(huán)境友好的平衡至關(guān)重要。本研究以‘芹峰’山藥為試驗(yàn)材料，研究不同氮、磷、鉀肥配比對淺生槽定向栽培山藥產(chǎn)量的影響。方法 在中國福建德化縣進(jìn)行田間實(shí)驗(yàn)，采用“3414”試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方案?？偟膩碚f，包含氮、磷、鉀3個(gè)因素，4個(gè)水平，其中水平2為當(dāng)?shù)赝扑]施肥量，1、3、4水平分別為水平2施肥量的0、0.5、1.5倍，試驗(yàn)共14個(gè)處理。結(jié)果 處理6（N2P2K2）塊莖最長（75.6 cm） ，塊莖直徑最大（4.9 cm），鮮重最高（1311.9 g），產(chǎn)量最高（41015.9 kg/hm2）); 處理1（N2P2K2）塊莖最短（65.6 cm），塊莖直徑最短（3.9 cm），鮮重最低（953.4 g），產(chǎn)量最低（28532.8 kg/hm2）。實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)可以擬合為單變量一元二次和二元二次模型，但不能擬合為三元二次多項(xiàng)式模型。適宜的氮、磷、鉀肥施用量可提高山藥產(chǎn)量，但是過度施肥降低了產(chǎn)量。山藥產(chǎn)量與氮、磷、鉀肥施用量呈顯著正相關(guān)。結(jié)論 在單變量一元二次模型和二元二次模型的基礎(chǔ)上， 1hm2‘芹峰’山藥的氮、磷、鉀肥施用量分別為360 ~ 388.3、90 ~ 100.95和416.3 ~ 675kg。

    Abstract:
    Objective: The current fertilization methods for Chinese yam are uneconomic and unfriend to environment. A rational one is very important to achieve desired balance of high yield of Chinese yam, economic and friend to environment. Here, we studied the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers on the yield of ‘Qinfeng’ Chinese yam in shallow-groove directional cultivation. Methods: The experiments were conducted in Dehua County, Fujian Province, China using a ‘‘3414” optimal design. Overall, three fertilizer factors (N, P, and K) were evaluated at the following four levels: 0, no fertilizer; 1, 0.5-fold the typical rate; 2, typical fertilization rate; and 3, 1.5-fold the typical rate. There were 14 different fertilization treatments. Results: Treatment 6 (N2P2K2) produced the longest (75.6 cm) and thickest tubers (4.9 cm) with the highest tuber fresh weight (1311.9 g) and yield (41,015.9 kg/hm2), whereas, treatment 1 produced the shortest (65.6 cm) and thinnest tubers (3.9 cm) with the lowest fresh weight (953.4 g) and yield (28 532.8 kg/hm2) among the 14 fertilizer combinations. The experimental data could be fitted to single-variable quadratic and binary quadratic models but not to a ternary quadratic polynomial model. Appropriate N, P, and K fertilizer application rates increased Chinese yam yield. However, excessive fertilization lowered the yield. Chinese yam yield was significantly and strongly correlated with the amounts of N, P, and K fertilizer applied. Conclusion: Based on the single variable quadratic and binary quadratic models, we propose that the quantities of N, P, and K fertilizer used to grow 1 hm2 ‘Qinfeng’ Chinese yam should be 360–388.3, 90–100.95, and 416.3–675 kg, respectively.

    關(guān)鍵詞:
    中國山藥;淮山藥;配方施肥;肥料效應(yīng);氮;磷;鉀

    Keywords:


    Project Supported:
    This research was financially supported by the ‘‘5511” Collaborative Innovation Project of the Fujian Provincial People’s Government and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (No. XTCXGC2021019) and the Fujian Provincial Public Welfare Research Project (No. 2022R1034002).

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