摘 要：黑果越桔 Vaccinium myrtillus 系杜鵑花科植物，歐洲稱(chēng) bilberry，北美稱(chēng) wild blueberry，是很多國(guó)家應(yīng)用廣泛的植物藥。因其具有很高的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值，自古以來(lái)就食用，約16世紀(jì)開(kāi)始藥用。從黑果越桔的果實(shí)和葉中提取很多活性成分，主要為花青苷及其苷元花青素，苷元包括飛燕草素、矢車(chē)菊素、矮牽牛素、芍藥素、錦葵素等。黑果越桔及其提取物具有抗氧化、抗腫瘤、細(xì)胞保護(hù)、抗菌、抗糖尿病、防治心血管疾病等生物活性與藥理作用。概述了2000年以來(lái)國(guó)外對(duì)黑果越桔化學(xué)成分、生物活性和藥理作用的最新研究進(jìn)展。

Abstract: Vaccinium myrtillus berry is a member of plants in Ericaceae family，and a widely used herb in many countries．It is also known as bilberry in European and wild blueberry in northern America．It has been used as food for centuries with its high nutritive value．Since the 16th century，it has been used as medicine for treating bladder stones，biliary disorders，scurvy，coughs，lung tuberculosis，and others．Several active constituents have been isolated from the berries and leaves，including anthocyanins（anthocyanoside flavonids）and anthocyanidin．The major anthocyanidin aglycones are delphinidin，cyanidin，petunidin，peonidin，and malvidin．V.myrtillus berry and its extracts have multiple pharmacological actions．The extracts containing anthocyanosides have been shown to possess strong antioxidant，antitumor，cyto-protective，antimicrobial，antidiabetic properties as well as cardiovascular disease prevention．This article reviews the chemical constituents，bioactivity，and pharmacology of V.myrtillus berry since 2000．