血栓栓塞性疾病嚴重威脅人類健康，研究具有優(yōu)勢的抗栓藥物是當代醫(yī)學的重點和熱點之一。蛇毒中存在3類具有抗栓作用的蛋白酶，分別為蛇毒類凝血酶、纖維蛋白（原）溶解酶、纖溶酶原激活劑。對這3類抗血栓蛋白酶進行了綜述，分別介紹了各類酶的分布、結構、生化性質以及作用機制，并結合其性質及機制分析在抗栓方面存在的優(yōu)點和不足。另外，還介紹了蛇毒類抗血栓蛋白酶的研究現(xiàn)狀，臨床應用情況，以及臨床常用的一些成熟藥物。

Thromboembolic disease seriously threats human health, so the study on antithrombotic drugs with great advantages is one of the critical and hot spots of contemporary medicine. There are three types of proteases in snake venom, snake venom thrombin-like enzymes (SVTLEs), snake venom fibrin(ogen)olytic enzyme (FLE), and plasminogen activator (PA). This review summarizes the distribution, structure, biochemical properties, and mechanism of each protease, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of their antithrombosis. This review also introduces the research status, clinical application, and some commonly used drugs of snake venom in clinic.

“十一五”重大新藥創(chuàng)制科技重大專項（2010ZX09401-307）