目的 探討北京市隆福醫(yī)院2010年5月—2012年5月抗生素的使用及不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況，為臨床合理使用抗生素提供理論依據(jù)。方法 調(diào)查分析北京市隆福醫(yī)院2010年5月—2012年5月病歷635份，分析抗生素使用情況，總結(jié)抗生素使用過(guò)程中的不良反應(yīng)及其臨床危害。結(jié)果 抗生素使用率為46.61%（296/635）；預(yù)防性抗生素使用率為22.99%（146/635）；聯(lián)用抗生素病歷89份，抗生素聯(lián)用率為30.07%（89/296）?？股夭涣挤磻?yīng)發(fā)生率為9.46%（28/296），包括過(guò)敏反應(yīng)、毒性反應(yīng)、特異質(zhì)反應(yīng)和二重感染等。結(jié)論 熟練掌握抗生素的作用途徑和可引起的不良反應(yīng)，積極應(yīng)對(duì)不良反應(yīng)，有利于提高抗生素的合理使用水平，提高臨床療效，做到安全、合理用藥。

Objective To explore the usage and adverse reaction of antibiotics by clinical application in Beijing Longfu Hospital from May, 2010 to May, 2012, and to provide the theory basis for the clinical usage of antibiotics. Methods The 635 copies of medical records in Beijing Longfu Hospital from May, 2010 to May, 2012 were investigated to analyze the usage of antibiotics, and to summarize the adverse reactions and clinical harm. Results The application rate of antibiotics was 46.61% (296/635), and the preventing application rate of antibiotics was 22.99% (146/635), at the same time, the combining application rate of antibiotics was 30.07% (89/296). The adverse reaction rate of antibiotics was 9.46% (28/296), which was contained anaphylactic reaction, toxic reaction, idiosyncratic reaction, and superinfection. Conclusion It is useful to improve the level of rational usage of antibiotics by mastering the pathways and adverse reactions of antibiotics, so as to improve the clinical efficacy and safety, and use the drugs rationally.