目的 分析抗感染類藥物的不良反應(yīng)與藥物種類和給藥途徑的關(guān)系，為臨床抗感染類藥物的安全使用提供參考。方法 回顧性分析2011—2013年右江民族醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院發(fā)生抗感染類藥物不良反應(yīng)患者312例，統(tǒng)計(jì)藥物不良反應(yīng)的主要類型，并分析患者發(fā)生不良反應(yīng)與藥物的種類和給藥途徑的關(guān)系。結(jié)果 臨床患者抗感染藥物不良反應(yīng)的類型主要為皮膚損害癥狀、消化系統(tǒng)癥狀以及神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)癥狀，發(fā)生率分別為50.96%、20.83%、9.94%；發(fā)生不良反應(yīng)的抗感染類藥物前3位為頭孢菌素類、喹諾酮類和復(fù)方類，發(fā)生率分別為32.37%、18.27%、14.42%；發(fā)生不良反應(yīng)前3種途徑分別為靜滴、口服、肌注，其發(fā)生率分別為86.22%、10.90%、2.24%。結(jié)論 在臨床進(jìn)行抗感染治療時(shí)，應(yīng)充分了解藥物的不良反應(yīng)，選擇恰當(dāng)用藥方式，醫(yī)護(hù)工作者應(yīng)密切關(guān)注患者情況，防止不良反應(yīng)的發(fā)生。

Objective To analyze the relationship between adverse reactions of anti-infective drugs and drug type and route of administration for providing the reliable evidence for the safe use of anti-infective drugs. Methods Drugs adverse reactions (312 cases) from 2011 to 2013 in Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between adverse reactions and drug type and routine of administration for patients were analyzed. Results The clinical manifestations in patients with adverse reaction induced by anti-infective drugs were as follows: damage of the skin, digestive symptoms, and cardiovascular symptoms, and the incidence rates were 50.96%, 20.83%, and 9.94%. The top three drugs which induced adverse reactions were cephalosporins, quinolones, and compound recipes, accounting for 32.37%, 18.27%, and 14.42%. The top three routines of administration were infusion, ig, and im, and the incidence was 86.22%, 10.90%, and 2.24%. Conclusion Adverse reactions should be fully understood during the clinical anti-infective therapy, and routines of administration should be selected appropriately. At the same time, health care workers should pay close attention to the clinical situation of patients to prevent the occurrence of adverse reactions.

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目（81000787）