目的 探討布拉酵母菌預防新生兒感染性肺炎繼發(fā)腹瀉的臨床療效。方法 2012年2月—2014年2月延安市婦幼保健院收治的感染性肺炎新生兒108例，隨機分為治療組（54例）和對照組（54例）。兩組患者均給予相應的抗生素治療，同時給予補液、補充維生素等支持治療。治療組患兒在服用抗生素的同時給予口服布拉酵母菌，125 mg/次，2次/d。對兩組出現(xiàn)腹瀉的患兒均口服蒙脫石散，1.0 g/次，3次/d，并且補液，直至治愈。兩組均持續(xù)治療14 d。治療后，對兩組患兒的臨床療效進行評價，同時對其細胞免疫學指標進行檢測。結果 治療組和對照組的總有效率分別為94.44%、75.93%，兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（P<0.05）。治療組腹瀉的發(fā)生率為38.89%，對照組為61.11%；治療組腹瀉發(fā)生時間明顯晚于對照組，每天腹瀉次數(shù)少于對照組，腹瀉的持續(xù)時間也明顯短于對照組，兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（P<0.05）。治療后，治療組的CD4⁺﹑CD4⁺/CD8⁺計數(shù)較治療前顯著升高；治療組CD8⁺計數(shù)均較治療前顯著降低，治療前后差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（P<0.05），治療組這些觀察指標與對照組相比差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（P<0.05）。結論 布拉酵母菌用于預防新生兒感染性肺炎繼發(fā)腹瀉具有良好的臨床效果，能夠提高機體的免疫力，值得臨床推廣應用。

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of secondary diarrhea caused by neonatal infectious pneumonia. Methods Patients with neonatal infectious pneumonia were randomly divided into control (54 cases) and treatment (54 cases) groups. All patients were given antibiotics and support treatment such as rehydration and vitamin. Patients in the treatment group were po administered with S. boulardii while taking antibiotics, 125 mg/time, twice daily. Patients with diarrhea in two groups were po administered with Montmorillonite Powder, 1.0 g/time, 3 times daily, and were given rehydration treatment until they were cured. Two groups were continuous treated for 14 d. After treatment, the treatment efficacy was evaluated, while the cellular immunological indexes were tested.Results The total effective rates of the treatment and control groups were 94.44% and 75.93%, respectively, with the significant difference between the two groups (P< 0.05). The incidence of diarrhea in treatment group was 38.89%, while that in the control group was 61.11%. In the treatment group, diarrhea occurred later than the control group, and the number of diarrhea per day in treatment group was less than that in the control group, while the duration of diarrhea in treatment group was also significantly shorter than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant between the two groups (P< 0.05). After treatment, CD4⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ of the treatment group increased, CD8⁺ decreased, with statistically significant difference before and after treatment (P< 0.05). Those detection indexes were compared with control group, and difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion S. boulardii has a good clinical efficacy in the prevention of secondary diarrhea caused by neonatal infectious pneumonia, and can improve immunity of patients, which is worthy of clinical application.