目的 對2014—2016年北京小湯山醫(yī)院醫(yī)院感染病原菌的分布特點及耐藥性進(jìn)行分析，為臨床合理用藥及預(yù)防醫(yī)院感染提供依據(jù)。方法 對2014—2016年北京小湯山醫(yī)院感染病原菌的分布及耐藥性進(jìn)行回顧性分析。結(jié)果 共分離出病原菌2 785株，其中革蘭陰性菌1 816株，占65.21%；革蘭陽性菌679株，占24.38%；真菌290株，占10.41%。主要革蘭陰性菌對頭孢哌酮/舒巴坦、美洛培南、亞胺培南的耐藥率均在20.00%以內(nèi)，對頭孢他啶、頭孢吡肟、慶大霉素、磺胺甲噁唑/甲氧芐啶的耐藥率均超過50.00%，對氨芐西林的耐藥率超過80.00%；革蘭陽性菌對萬古霉素、利奈唑胺均無耐藥，對呋喃妥因、米諾環(huán)素的耐藥率均較低，對頭孢他啶、紅霉素、磺胺甲噁唑/甲氧芐啶耐藥率均超過50.00%。主要真菌對氟胞嘧啶最敏感，對其他抗菌藥物的耐藥率均較低。結(jié)論 北京小湯山醫(yī)院醫(yī)院感染病原菌以革蘭陰性菌最為多見，耐藥現(xiàn)象較為嚴(yán)重，加強對醫(yī)院感染病原學(xué)檢查及耐藥性監(jiān)測有助于促進(jìn)臨床合理用藥。

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital from 2014 to 2016, and to provide the basis for rational drug use and the prevention of hospital infection. Methods The distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital from 2014 to 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Total 2 785 strains of pathogens were isolated, in which Gram-negative bacteria were 1 816 strains (65.21%), Gram-positive bacteria (679 strains) accounted for 24.38%, and fungi (290 strains) accounted for 10.41%. The drug resistance rates of Gram-negative bacteria against cefoperazone/sulbactam, meropenem, and imipenem were less than 20%.The drug resistance rates against ceftazidime, cefepime, gentamicin, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were more than 50.00%, and against ampicillin was more than 80.00%. Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. The drug resistance rates against nitrofurantoin and minocycline were low. And the drug resistance rates of Gram-positive bacteria against ceftazidime, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were more than 50.00%. The main fungi were the most sensitive to flucytosine, and the drug resistance rates against other antimicrobials were low. Conclusion The main pathogens of nosocomial infection is still Gram-negative bacteria in Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, and the drug resistance is more serious. It is helpful to promote the clinical rational drug use to strengthen the pathogenic examination and drug resistance monitoring of hospital infection.