目的 調(diào)查天津市兒童醫(yī)院住院患兒抗菌藥物的使用情況，為臨床合理應(yīng)用抗菌藥物提供參考。方法 隨機(jī)抽取天津市兒童醫(yī)院2016年1~12月住院病例中的918份病歷進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)與分析。結(jié)果 病原學(xué)檢測(cè)率為90%，檢測(cè)陽(yáng)性率為21.80%。內(nèi)科和外科的抗菌藥物使用率分別為50.15%、47.76%。內(nèi)科中的呼吸、新生兒、感染、重癥科的抗菌藥物使用率較高。頭孢類(lèi)（32.60%）、氧頭孢烯類(lèi)（29.30%）、大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類(lèi)（18.99%）為應(yīng)用最多的3類(lèi)抗菌藥物。在給藥途徑方面，靜滴給藥占71.15%。抗菌藥物單用、二聯(lián)及二聯(lián)以上的使用率分別為69.17%、26.43%、4.40%。結(jié)論 天津市兒童醫(yī)院抗菌藥物應(yīng)用情況基本符合國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以靜滴給藥為主，應(yīng)進(jìn)一步提高規(guī)范應(yīng)用抗菌藥物管理力度，促進(jìn)抗菌藥物合理應(yīng)用。

Objective To investigate the utilization of antibacterial drugs in inpatient children of Tianjin Children's Hosptial, and to provide reference for clinical rational use of antibacterial drugs. Methods Medical records (918 cases) were selected from a random sample of hospitalized cases in Tianjin Children's Hosptial from January to December in 2016, and were statistically analyzed. Results The detection rate of etiology was 90%, and the detection rate of pathogen was 21.8%. The utilization ratio of antibacterial drugs in Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Surgery were 50.15% and 47.76%, respectively. The utilization ratio of antibacterial drugs in Department of Respiration, Department of Neonatology, Department of Infectious Disease, and Department of ICU in Department of Internal Medicine were high. Cephalosporins (32.60%), oxacephems (29.30%), and macrolides (18.99%) were the most used antibacterial drugs. In terms of the route of administration, the rate of intravenous drip was 71.15%. The ratio of antibacterial drugs for single utilization was 69.17%. Percentage of double utilization of antibacterial drugs was 26.43%, and the others were 4.40%.Conclusion The clinical application of antibacterial drugs in Tianjin Children's Hosptial is basically in line with national standards. Intravenous drip is still the main method of administration. Therefore, the management of antibacterial drugs should be further improved to promote rational application of antibacterial drugs.