目的 分析利奈唑胺致黑舌或黑毛舌不良反應(yīng)的發(fā)生情況及臨床特點(diǎn)，為合理用藥提供參考。方法 檢索Cochrane圖書(shū)館、PubMed、中國(guó)知網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、萬(wàn)方期刊論文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、維普期刊數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，對(duì)2000年1月-2021年1月收載的利奈唑胺致黑舌或黑毛舌不良反應(yīng)報(bào)道文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行分析。分別對(duì)患者性別、年齡、用藥原因、用法用量、黑舌或黑毛舌發(fā)生時(shí)間、臨床表現(xiàn)、處理措施、臨床轉(zhuǎn)歸時(shí)間等方面進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果 檢索到20篇共25例關(guān)于利奈唑胺致黑舌或黑毛舌不良反應(yīng)的文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道，其中男性17例，女性8例；最小年齡5歲，最大年齡83歲，各年齡段均有黑舌或黑毛舌不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生，以≤ 15歲和>50歲年齡段患者居多；19例（76%）患者在用藥后1~2周出現(xiàn)黑舌或黑毛舌不良反應(yīng)；在停用利奈唑胺并保持良好的口腔衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣后，黑舌或黑毛舌不良反應(yīng)癥狀好轉(zhuǎn)或消失。結(jié)論 利奈唑胺致黑舌或黑毛舌不良反應(yīng)為罕見(jiàn)的良性自限性不良反應(yīng)，發(fā)病機(jī)制尚不明確，臨床醫(yī)師和藥師應(yīng)加強(qiáng)利奈唑胺的用藥監(jiān)測(cè)并做好解釋，以消除患者恐慌心理。

Objective To analyze the occurrence and clinical characteristics of black tongue or black hairy tongue adverse reaction induced by linezolid, and provide a reference for rational drug use. Methods To analyze the case reports of black tongue or black hairy tongue adverse reactions induced by linezolid were collected from Cochrane Library, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang Journal Article Database, VIP Journal Database from January 2011 to January 2021. And the patients' gender, age, reasons for medication, usage and dosage, occurrence time of black tongue or black hairy tongue, clinical manifestations, treatment measures, clinical outcome time and other aspects were respectively analyzed. Results A total of 20 articles and 25 case reports of black tongue or black hairy tongue adverse reactions were identified. Among them, there were 17 males and 8 females, and the youngest was 5 years old and the oldest was 83 years old. Black tongue or black hairy tongue adverse reactions occurred in all ages, the majority of patients were ≤ 15 years old and >50 years old. 19 cases (76%) had black tongue or black hairy tongue adverse reactions about 1-2 weeks after medication. After withdrew the linezolid and kept good oral hygiene habits, the symptoms of the black tongue or black hairy tongue adverse reactions improved or disappeared. Conclusion The linezolid induced black tongue or black hairy tongue adverse reaction is a rare benign and self-limited adverse reaction, the exact pathogenesis is unclear. Clinicians and pharmacists should strengthen the monitoring of linezolid and do a good job of explanation,in order to eliminate the patients' panic psychology.

R978.1

中山市科技局項(xiàng)目（2019B1076）