目的 分析利奈唑胺致黑舌或黑毛舌不良反應的發(fā)生情況及臨床特點，為合理用藥提供參考。方法 檢索Cochrane圖書館、PubMed、中國知網數據庫、萬方期刊論文數據庫、維普期刊數據庫，對2000年1月-2021年1月收載的利奈唑胺致黑舌或黑毛舌不良反應報道文獻進行分析。分別對患者性別、年齡、用藥原因、用法用量、黑舌或黑毛舌發(fā)生時間、臨床表現、處理措施、臨床轉歸時間等方面進行分析。結果 檢索到20篇共25例關于利奈唑胺致黑舌或黑毛舌不良反應的文獻報道，其中男性17例，女性8例；最小年齡5歲，最大年齡83歲，各年齡段均有黑舌或黑毛舌不良反應發(fā)生，以≤ 15歲和>50歲年齡段患者居多；19例（76%）患者在用藥后1~2周出現黑舌或黑毛舌不良反應；在停用利奈唑胺并保持良好的口腔衛(wèi)生習慣后，黑舌或黑毛舌不良反應癥狀好轉或消失。結論 利奈唑胺致黑舌或黑毛舌不良反應為罕見的良性自限性不良反應，發(fā)病機制尚不明確，臨床醫(yī)師和藥師應加強利奈唑胺的用藥監(jiān)測并做好解釋，以消除患者恐慌心理。

Objective To analyze the occurrence and clinical characteristics of black tongue or black hairy tongue adverse reaction induced by linezolid, and provide a reference for rational drug use. Methods To analyze the case reports of black tongue or black hairy tongue adverse reactions induced by linezolid were collected from Cochrane Library, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang Journal Article Database, VIP Journal Database from January 2011 to January 2021. And the patients' gender, age, reasons for medication, usage and dosage, occurrence time of black tongue or black hairy tongue, clinical manifestations, treatment measures, clinical outcome time and other aspects were respectively analyzed. Results A total of 20 articles and 25 case reports of black tongue or black hairy tongue adverse reactions were identified. Among them, there were 17 males and 8 females, and the youngest was 5 years old and the oldest was 83 years old. Black tongue or black hairy tongue adverse reactions occurred in all ages, the majority of patients were ≤ 15 years old and >50 years old. 19 cases (76%) had black tongue or black hairy tongue adverse reactions about 1-2 weeks after medication. After withdrew the linezolid and kept good oral hygiene habits, the symptoms of the black tongue or black hairy tongue adverse reactions improved or disappeared. Conclusion The linezolid induced black tongue or black hairy tongue adverse reaction is a rare benign and self-limited adverse reaction, the exact pathogenesis is unclear. Clinicians and pharmacists should strengthen the monitoring of linezolid and do a good job of explanation,in order to eliminate the patients' panic psychology.

R978.1

中山市科技局項目（2019B1076）