微小RNA（microRNA，簡寫miRNA）是一類長度為16~22個核苷酸的非編碼RNA分子。大量證據(jù)表明，miRNA通過影響其生物合成、輻射相關信號轉(zhuǎn)導通路、DNA損傷反應等多個環(huán)節(jié)有效控制腫瘤細胞輻射敏感性，可用于改善癌癥放療效果，并作為輻射暴露的生物標記物。闡述miRNA的輻射敏感性和其生物標記方面的研究進展，為腫瘤治療和輻射防護提供思路。

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNA molecules consisting of 16 to 22 nucleotides. A large amount of evidence shows miRNAs can effectively control the radiation sensitivity of tumor cells by affecting their biogenesis, radiation-related signal transduction pathways and DNA damage response. It can be used to improve the effectiveness of cancer radiotherapy and as a biomarker for radiation exposure. This paper reviews the research progress on miRNA in radiation sensitivity and its biomarkers, in order to provide new ideas for tumor treatment and radiation protection.

R979.6

國家自然科學基金資助項目（81673106）