目的：研究聚乙二醇單修飾重組人粒細胞集落刺激因子（PEG-rhG-CSF）對SD大鼠血液學和骨髓造血的影響，為其應用于臨床治療提供資料。方法：將SD大鼠隨機分為3個實驗組和1個對照組，分別sc不同劑量PEG-rhG-CSF和溶媒對照品，每周給藥3次，連續(xù)給藥3個月，恢復期2周。在給藥和恢復期結束時進行血液學和骨髓檢查，并做t-檢驗統(tǒng)計分析。結果：給藥結束后，高中低劑量組血液白細胞計數顯著升高（升高了7.8～28.2倍），中性粒細胞計數明顯增加（增加了2.5～3.9倍），網織紅細胞計數顯著增加，淋巴細胞、嗜酸性粒和紅細胞計數顯著降低；同時，高劑量組血紅蛋白量和血小板計數顯著降低，高、中劑量紅細胞比容顯著增加；此外，高中低劑量骨髓紅細胞系比例、中幼及晚幼紅細胞比例顯著降低，而成熟粒細胞比例顯著升高（升高了29.1％～79.1％），粒／紅（M／E）比值也顯著升高（最高增加1.3倍）。上述改變在停藥2周后，均恢復到正常水平，與對照組比較均無顯著性差異。結論：PEG-rhG-CSF具有明顯的促進造血功能，臨床可用于治療腫瘤化療引起的中性粒細胞減少癥。

Objective: To study the impact of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) on hematology and marrow hemopoiesis in SD rat, and to provide an experimental basis for clinical trials. Methods: All rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups and one control group, then respectively administrated with different doses of PEG-rhG-CSF or vehicle control by sc injection once weekly for three months. After administration, two-week recovery period for all groups were followed. The examinations of hematological parameters and marrow were performed at the end of administration and recovery. The results were analyzed by t-test. Results: Compared with the vehicle control group, the leukocyte count (elevated 7.8--28.2 times), neutrophils count (elevated 2.5--3.9 times), and reticulocyte count were significantly increased in the high, middle, and low doses of groups at the end of administration,. In addition, the proportions of erythrocytes series, polychromatic erythroblast, and orthochromatic erythroblast in marrow were significantly decreased while the proportions of mature myeloid cell significantly increased (elevated 29.1%--79.1%). The ratios of myeloid series and erythrocytes series in marrow were also significantly elevated in all groups treated with PEG-rhG-CSF. These changes were restored to normal level after two-week recovery period. Conclusion: Our study suggest that PEG-rhG-CSF has a significant promotion on hemopoiesis function and can be applied for the clinical treatment of granulocytopenia induced by chemotherapy.