目的 應(yīng)用彩色多普勒超聲（CDI）技術(shù)和視網(wǎng)膜血管消化鋪片技術(shù)及組織病理學(xué)檢查，監(jiān)控糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變（DR）發(fā)生發(fā)展的過(guò)程，研究糖尿病大鼠視網(wǎng)膜血流動(dòng)力學(xué)與視網(wǎng)膜血管形態(tài)學(xué)的關(guān)系。方法 給大鼠ip鏈脲佐菌素誘導(dǎo)成糖尿病模型，分別在造模2、4、6個(gè)月時(shí)，采用CDI檢查測(cè)定大鼠視網(wǎng)膜中央動(dòng)脈（CRA）的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)，應(yīng)用視網(wǎng)膜血管消化鋪片計(jì)算內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞/周細(xì)胞比值，同時(shí)做組織病理學(xué)檢查。結(jié)果 在糖尿病病程2個(gè)月時(shí)，糖尿病大鼠CRA血流流速顯著下降，而視網(wǎng)膜血管消化鋪片未見(jiàn)異常，在病程4個(gè)月和6個(gè)月時(shí)，視網(wǎng)膜血管消化鋪片出現(xiàn)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增生，周細(xì)胞減少，鏡下視網(wǎng)膜內(nèi)新生血管形成、出血或滲出等病理改變，而此時(shí)血流流速減慢嚴(yán)重。結(jié)論 糖尿病早期，視網(wǎng)膜血流動(dòng)力學(xué)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)異常改變，并進(jìn)行性加重，提示視網(wǎng)膜血流減少、血液灌注不良是DR的重要發(fā)病原因。在糖尿病早期、DR發(fā)病之前即進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的治療以改善視網(wǎng)膜的血供，可能延緩或逆轉(zhuǎn)DR的發(fā)生與發(fā)展。

_Objective To monitor the development process in diabetic retinopathy (DR) by color Doppler imaging (CDI), retinal vessel digest preparations, and histopathology, and to investigate the relationship between the hemodynamic changes of retina and retinal vessel morphology in diabetic rats. _Methods Diabetic rats were induced by ip administration of Streptozotocin. The hemodynamic changes of central retina artery (CRA) of the right eyes of rats in the model group and control group were detected with CDI in diabetic duration of 2, 4, and 6 months, respectively. The right eyes of rats were dissected to make retinal vessel digest preparations to calculate endotheliocyte/perithelial cell ratio, the left eyes of rats were dissected for histopathology tests. _Results There was significant difference of CRA hemodynamics between diabetic and normal rats in diabetic duration of two months. In contrast, the loss of pericapillary cells and hyperplasia endothelial as the only early changes of DR were demonstrated in 4 and 6 months diabetic rats in retinal digest preparations. Under the light microscope, the neovascularization, haemorrhage, and effusion in retina interior were observed at this time. _Conclusion The results show that the retinal hemodynamics could display abnormal changes and become more serious with the progress of the disease, and suggest that the reduction of retinal blood flow and blood dabbling be important causes of DR in the early stage of diabetes. In the early stage of diabetes, corresponding treatment should be taken before the onset of DR to improve blood supply of the retina, which may postpone or reverse the incidence and development of DR.