遺傳毒性評(píng)價(jià)是藥物安全性評(píng)價(jià)的重要組成部分。如何早期、快速地獲得藥物可能的毒性反應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)，是當(dāng)前遺傳毒理學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)之一。介紹幾種目前應(yīng)用比較廣泛或有較好應(yīng)用前景的早期、快速的遺傳毒性評(píng)價(jià)方法，包括Ames II試驗(yàn)、Gadd45 GreenScreen試驗(yàn)、高通量體外彗星試驗(yàn)和流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)微核試驗(yàn)，主要圍繞這些方法的基本原理、簡(jiǎn)要操作流程、預(yù)測(cè)毒性的可信度以及與傳統(tǒng)方法相比的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)等展開(kāi)。同時(shí)簡(jiǎn)要介紹計(jì)算機(jī)輔助毒性預(yù)測(cè)模型以及基因芯片技術(shù)在遺傳毒性評(píng)價(jià)中的應(yīng)用。

Genotoxicity assessment is an important component of drug safety evaluation. Recently, how to obtain the data of potential side effects rapidly in early phase of drug research is one of the hot points in genetic toxicology. This review summarized several prospective approaches including Ames II test, Gadd45 GreenScreen test, high-throughput in vitro comet test, and micronucleus test using flow cytometry, and their principles, brief procedure, validation, advantages, and potential problems. Additionally, this review gave a brief introduction of computer-assisted toxicity prediction model and application of microarray in genotoxicity evaluation.

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金（20807045/B070701）；國(guó)家科技重大專項(xiàng)“重大新藥創(chuàng)制”（2008ZX09305-007，2009ZX09501-033，2009ZX09301-001）