目的 研究基因缺陷型2型糖尿病模型動(dòng)物db/db小鼠的早期生物學(xué)特性，為db/db小鼠應(yīng)用于降糖藥物的研究奠定基礎(chǔ)。方法 采用db/db小鼠為模型組動(dòng)物，db/m小鼠為對(duì)照組動(dòng)物，測(cè)定兩組小鼠的體質(zhì)量、食量、飲水量、空腹血糖、正常飲食血糖、糖耐量、胰島素耐量；于第14周眼底靜脈叢取血，分離血清，測(cè)定糖化血清蛋白（GSP）、三酰甘油（TG）、總膽固醇（TC）；取肝、胰腺、腹部脂肪等主要臟器組織進(jìn)行組織病理學(xué)檢查。結(jié)果 與對(duì)照組比較，db/db小鼠體質(zhì)量、食量、飲水量顯著增加；空腹血糖及正常飲食血糖顯著升高，整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)期血糖水平穩(wěn)定；糖耐量異常、胰島素耐量異常，對(duì)外源胰島素敏感性顯著降低；血清GSP、TG、TC含量顯著升高，腹部脂肪質(zhì)量顯著增加，肝組織不同程度的空泡變性，脂肪組織中脂肪細(xì)胞體積增大，胰腺中胰島細(xì)胞胞漿減少、血管擴(kuò)張。結(jié)論 db/db小鼠早期脂質(zhì)代謝紊亂，血糖、血脂顯著升高，糖耐量及胰島素耐量異常，血糖水平穩(wěn)定，是研究2型糖尿病較為理想的模型。

Objective To study the biological characteristics of gene defect type 2 diabetes model C₅₇BL/KsJ db/db mice, and to lay the foundation for the application of db/db mice on hypoglycemic agents. Methods With db/db mice as model animals and db/m mice as control animals, the body weight, food intake, water intake, fasting blood glucose, normal diet blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance of mice were determined. In the 14th week, glycated serum protein (GSP), triacylglycerol (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) of serum were determined. The liver, pancreas, abdominal fat, and other major tissues were taken for histopathological examination. Results Compared with the control group, the body weight, food intake, water intake, fasting glucose, and normal diet glucose of db/db mice were significantly increased; The blood sugar level was stable throughout the trial period; The glucose and insulin tolerances were abnormal; The sensitivity to exogenous insulin of db/db mice was significantly reduced. GSP, TG, and TC concentration and abdominal fat weight were all increased. There was vacuolar degeneration in varying degrees in liver tissue, and the volume of fat cells was increased. The cytoplasm of pancreatic islet cell was reduced and the vessels were dilated. Conclusion The early lipid metabolism of db/db mice is disordered, the blood sugar and blood lipids are significantly increased, the glucose and insulin tolerances are abnormal, and the blood glucose level is stable. So db/db mouse is an ideal model for the study on type 2 diabetes.