目的 從動脈粥樣硬化（AS）發(fā)生進展的不同時期，對家兔模型進行比較和研究。方法 新西蘭白兔30只，隨機分為5組，包括對照組和模型組，模型組又分為AS 4周組、AS 8周組、AS 12周組和AS 16周組，每組6只。對照組給予普通飼料喂養(yǎng)，模型組給予高脂飼料喂養(yǎng)。分別于實驗0、4、8、12、16周給各組動物稱質(zhì)量，耳緣靜脈取血，測定血清膽固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和高密度脂蛋白（HGL）含量；通過石蠟切片HE染色及冰凍切片油紅O染色對胸主動脈進行病理形態(tài)學(xué)觀察。結(jié)果 實驗4周時，模型組家兔體質(zhì)量增加值明顯高于對照組，而在實驗8、12、16周時，二者比較沒有明顯差異。血脂測定顯示，模型組TC和LDL水平增加幅度較大，TG和HDL水平增加幅度較小，但是與對照組比較差異有顯著性（P<0.05、0.01）。組織病理學(xué)檢查結(jié)果顯示，實驗4周時，模型組家兔在主動脈內(nèi)皮下可見少量脂質(zhì)沉積，油紅O染色呈紅色；實驗8周和12周時，處于動脈粥樣硬化脂紋期的不同階段，病灶處內(nèi)皮下可見大量的泡沫細胞聚集；實驗16周時，處于動脈粥樣硬化纖維斑塊期，病灶表層可見覆蓋以纖維帽，纖維帽下有數(shù)量不等的泡沫細胞，平滑肌細胞、炎細胞等。結(jié)論 家兔單純給予高脂飼料喂飼4～16周，可造成不同病理分期的動脈粥樣硬化模型。

Objective To compare and research on rabbit models from the atherosclerosis occured at different times. Methods New Zealand white rabbits (30), randomly divided into five groups, including control group and model group, model group is divided into AS4, AS8, AS12, and AS16 weeks group (six in each group). The rabbits in the control group were given ordinary feed, the rabbits in the model group were given a high-fat feed. To weight and extract the ear marginal vein blood in 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks of the experiment in each group; To determinate the cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in serum. To observe the pathological morphological changes of thoracic aortic through the paraffin section of HE staining and frozen section oil red O staining. Results At week 4, the added value of rabbit weight in the model group was obviously higher than that in the control group, and in weeks 8, 12, and 16 of the experiment, the difference is not obvious. Blood lipid measurement showed that CHO and LDL levels increased amplitude of the model group was bigger, TG and HDL levels increased amplitude was smaller; But compared with the control group, the difference is obvious (P < 0.05, 0.01). Histopathological examination results showed that we can find a small amount of lipid deposition from subcutaneous tissue of the rabbit aorta in the model group at the week 4, oil red O staining is mei red; At weeks 8 and 12, the pathological change is at different stages of atherosclerosis fatty streaks period, and we could find a large number of foam cells in the lesions. The experiments at week 16, the pathological change was in the fiber patch phase of atherosclerosis, the surface of lesions was covered with fibrous cap, under the fibrous cap we could find foam cells, smooth muscle cells, inflammatory cells, etc. Conclusion Rabbit alone is given high fat feed for 4 to 16 weeks, we can copy the atherosclerosis models in different pathological stages.

國家科技重大專項（2013ZX09302301）