人胰島素Afrezza粉霧劑是由MannKind公司研發(fā)上市的速效吸入型胰島素，即Technosphere胰島素（TI），是藥物和第二代吸入器的組合產(chǎn)品。人胰島素粉霧劑是一種有效及耐受良好的降糖藥物，用于1型糖尿?。═1DM）和2型糖尿?。═2DM）患者餐前給藥降糖，提供了一種解決胰島素初始治療時(shí)諸如注射恐懼癥、擔(dān)憂體質(zhì)量增加和低血糖風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的替代療法。吸入TI的降糖療效雖然低于皮下注射，但是低血糖和體質(zhì)量增加的發(fā)生率更低，其長(zhǎng)期療效和安全性需要進(jìn)一步深入研究。探討了吸入TI粉霧劑的原理、藥理作用、治療T1DM和T2DM的臨床療效、安全性和耐受性等內(nèi)容。

Afrezza (human insulin) inhalation powder developed by MannKind Corporation is a drug and device combination product consisting of Technosphere insulin (TI) and an oral inhaler device (the Gen2 inhaler). Inhaled TI is an effective and generally well-tolerated agent for the prandial treatment of hyperglycaemia in T1DM and T2DM patients and may provide a solution to insulin initiation barriers such as injection phobia, which concerns of bodyweight gain and hypoglycaemia. Glycaemic efficacy of TI is lower than that of sc insulin, but inhaled insulin has a lower risk of severe hypoglycaemia and weight gain. Long-term outcomes and safety with TI should be further investigated. This review discusses the rationale for pulmonary delivery of insulin, pharmacological, efficacy, safety, and tolerability data relevant to the use of TI in T1DM and T2DM.