目的 比較大黃不同萃取物對成年雌性大鼠體質(zhì)量及下丘腦、垂體結(jié)構(gòu)的影響，進而篩選大黃生殖毒性主要萃取物。方法 采用極性梯度萃取法制備大黃水提物、氯仿萃取物、醋酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物和水溶物，雌性成年大鼠隨機分為對照組、大黃水提物組和各萃取物組，各組給藥劑量均相當于大黃生藥4.00 g/kg，連續(xù)ig給藥60 d；計算大鼠給藥前后體質(zhì)量增長率；光鏡下觀察大鼠下丘腦弓狀核神經(jīng)元和垂體促性腺細胞病理學變化。結(jié)果 大黃水提物組大鼠體質(zhì)量增長率低于對照組（P<0.05），其余各萃取物組明顯高于對照組（P<0.01）；大黃水提物組大鼠下丘腦弓狀核神經(jīng)元出現(xiàn)染色質(zhì)邊際化，核膜界限不清，胞漿尼氏體溶解，也可見鬼影細胞，腺垂體細胞整體數(shù)目減少，細胞排列欠規(guī)則，細胞間竇狀毛細血管增多，其余各萃取物組下丘腦弓狀核和腺垂體未見明顯病變。結(jié)論 長期大劑量ig大黃水提物可使大鼠體質(zhì)量增長率降低，導致下丘腦弓狀核和腺垂體發(fā)生形態(tài)學病理變化；其余各萃取物卻使大鼠體質(zhì)量增長率明顯升高，且對下丘腦弓狀核和腺垂體的組織結(jié)構(gòu)影響不大。

Objective To compare the effects of different extracts of Rheum palmatum on weight and tissue structure of hypothalamusand and pituitary of adult female rats, and screen the main reproductive toxicity extract.Methods The water, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol extracts and water-soluble substance of R. palmatum were prepared by polarity gradient extraction method. Female adult rats were randomly divided into blank control group, rhubarb water extract group, and different extracts groups. The dosage of all the groups was equivalent to 4.00 g/kg crude rhubarb. Rats were administered with extracts by gavage for 60 d. Body mass growth rate of rats were calculated before and after administration. The pathological changes of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neurons and pituitary gonadal cell were observed with light microscope.Results Compared with the blank control group, the body mass growth rate of rhubarb water extract group was decreased (P<0.05), while those in the different extracts groups were increased (P<0.01); The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neurons of rhubarb water extract group showed chromatin marginalization, nissl substance dissolving, fuzzy boundary of nuclear membrane, as well as hell cells, and the total number of adenohypophysis cells reduced and the cells arranged in irregular. However, there were no apparent pathologic changes in different extracts groups.Conclusion Rhubarb water extract administration by long-term dose can reduce weight growth rate and result in pathologic changes of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and adenohypophysis, while the different extracts can increase weight growth rate significantly and have little effects on the organizational structure of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and adenohypophysis.

河北省教育廳重大項目（2009301）