目的 比較布地奈德福莫特羅粉吸入劑與孟魯司特鈉治療兒童咳嗽變異性哮喘的療效。方法 以2012年1月-2016年5月西安交通大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院兒科收治的100例咳嗽變異性哮喘患兒為研究對(duì)象，根據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為觀察組和對(duì)照組，每組50例。觀察組患兒給予布地奈德福莫特羅粉吸入劑治療，對(duì)照組患兒給予孟魯司特鈉治療。比較兩組治療后臨床療效、咳嗽積分、肺功能[一秒用力呼氣量（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）、最大呼氣峰流速（PEF），計(jì)算FEV1/FVC、PEF/預(yù)計(jì)值*100%（PEF pred%）]、血清中腫瘤壞死因子-α（TNF-α）、血液總IgE及全血嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)（EOS），不良反應(yīng)及半年復(fù)發(fā)率。結(jié)果 觀察組的總有效率為80.00%，顯著高于對(duì)照組的64.00%，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。治療后，兩組的咳嗽積分較治療前顯著降低，F(xiàn)EV1、FEV1/FVC及PEF pred%均較治療前顯著升高，同組治療前后比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）；且觀察組治療后的咳嗽積分顯著低于對(duì)照組，F(xiàn)EV1/FVC及PEF pred%顯著高于對(duì)照組，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。治療后，兩組的TNF-α、總IgE及EOS均較治療前顯著降低，同組治療前后比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）；且觀察組的TNF-α、總IgE及EOS顯著低于對(duì)照組，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。兩組的總不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率和治療后半年內(nèi)復(fù)發(fā)率比較，差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。結(jié)論 布地奈德福莫特羅粉吸入劑治療兒童咳嗽變異性哮喘的臨床療效顯著優(yōu)于孟魯司特鈉，對(duì)患兒的咳嗽、肺功能、血清TNF-α、總IgE及EOS的改善效果更佳。

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Budesonide Formoterol Powder Inhaler and Montelukast Sodium Chewable Tablets in cough variant asthma in children. Methods 100 cases of children with cough variant asthma in Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2012 to May 2016 were divided into observation group and control group, 50 cases in each group. Children in the observation group were treated with Budesonide Formoterol Powder Inhaler, and in control group were treated with Montelukast Sodium Chewable Tablets. The cough symptoms, lung function, including a second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), the largest out front velocity of flow (PEF), calculate the FEV1/FVC, PEF/*100% expected value (PEF Pred%), clinical efficacy, serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a blood total IgE and whole blood eosinophil count (EOS), adverse reactions and half year relapse were compared. Results The clinical effet of the observation group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the cough score of the two groups was significantly lower than that before treatment, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and PEF pred% were significantly higher than before treatment, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The cough score of observation group after treatment was significantly lower than the control group, FEV1/FVC and PEF pred% was significantly higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). TNF-α, total IgE and EOS in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The TNF-α, total IgE and EOS in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of adverse reactions and recurrence rate within six months after treatment. Conclusion Budesonide Formoterol Powder Inhaler has remarkable clinical effect in cough variant asthma.