食物與藥物之間的相互作用普遍存在，且作用機(jī)制也多種多樣。目前，研究較多的是單個(gè)食物或食物中的某些營養(yǎng)成分通過調(diào)節(jié)藥物轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體或代謝酶的功能從而影響藥物的體內(nèi)過程。食物對藥物體內(nèi)過程的影響包括吸收、分布、代謝、排泄四個(gè)方面，并且主要是調(diào)節(jié)其中參與的藥物轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體和代謝酶的功能。轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體介導(dǎo)的食物對藥物體內(nèi)吸收的影響主要是通過調(diào)節(jié)腸上皮攝取型和外排型的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體，從而影響藥物的吸收；對分布的影響主要是通過調(diào)節(jié)體內(nèi)一些屏障中的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體；對代謝的影響主要是同時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)藥物代謝酶和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體；對排泄的影響是通過調(diào)節(jié)腎臟和肝臟膽汁排泄的藥物轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體，從而影響藥物的清除率。因此，轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體介導(dǎo)的食物與藥物相互作用直接影響藥物治療的效果。

The interaction between food and drugs is very common and its mechanism is also rather multitudinous in clinical practice. At present, it has been proven that there are a lot of specific nutrients in food that regulates the function of drug transporters and metabolic enzymes. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the mechanisms of interaction between food and drugs, and further prompted some attentions to the daily diet during the clinical drug treatment. Through reviewing the literatures in recent years, we summarized the effect of a specific component in food on process of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drug in vivo. Effect of drug transporters and metabolic enzymes mediated by food in absorption of drug is mainly regulated via intestinal epithelial uptake and efflux transporters in vivo; the distribution of drug is mainly influenced by regulating the barrier transporters in the body; the metabolism of drug is mainly influenced by regulating the excretion function of drug transporters metabolic enzymes; the excretion of drug is mainly influenced by regulating the renal and hepatic bile excretion by drug transporters, further affect the clearance rate of drug. Conclusion:the interaction between food and drugs mediated by drug transporters and metabolic enzymes could directly affect the therapeutic effect of some drugs in clinical practice.

國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目（81473280）