目的 采用嗎啡致小鼠慢傳輸型便秘模型，評價夏黃顆粒的治療作用，并對其通便作用進行實驗研究。方法 采用連續(xù)sc 2.5 mg/kg鹽酸嗎啡45 d致小鼠慢傳輸型便秘模型，觀察夏黃顆粒的通便作用；采用1次性ip 5 mg/kg鹽酸嗎啡致小鼠小腸推進、胃排空抑制模型，觀察夏黃顆粒對胃腸抑制的拮抗作用；采用測定小鼠小腸濕、干質(zhì)量法，觀察夏黃顆粒對腸水分吸收的作用；采用順鉑致大鼠異嗜模型，觀察夏黃顆粒的止吐作用；采用嗎啡致豚鼠離體回腸、結(jié)腸痙攣模型，觀察夏黃顆粒的作用及機制。結(jié)果 與模型組比較，小鼠給藥5 d，夏黃顆粒14.95、7.48 g生藥/kg能顯著增加慢傳輸型便秘小鼠的24 h排便量（P<0.05、0.01），繼續(xù)給藥至7 d，14.95、7.48 g生藥/kg能顯著增加小腸推進率、14.95 g生藥/kg顯著升高血清P物質(zhì)含量（P<0.05、0.01）；給藥1次，14.95、7.48 g生藥/kg劑量組能顯著增加小鼠小腸推進率、加快胃排空（P<0.01），14.95 g生藥/kg顯著增加小鼠小腸含水量（P<0.01）；大鼠給藥3 d，10.35 g生藥/kg劑量組能顯著降低大鼠異嗜高嶺土質(zhì)量（P<0.05）；給藥1次，2.49、1.25 mg生藥/mL（浴槽終濃度）能顯著降低嗎啡所致痙攣性回腸的腸張力（P<0.01），2.49、1.25、0.62 mg生藥/mL（浴槽終濃度）能顯著降低嗎啡所致痙攣性結(jié)腸的腸張力（P<0.05、0.01）。結(jié)論 夏黃顆粒對嗎啡所致慢傳輸型便秘有顯著的治療作用，具有顯著的通便、解痙、促進胃腸運動、腸吸收及止吐作用。

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Xiahuang Granules on slow transit constipation in mice induced by morphine, and study its laxative effect. Methods Chronic hypodermic morphine hydrochloride injection (2.5 mg/kg, 45 d) was used to establish slow transit constipation mice model to observe the defecation effect of Xia-huang granules. The antagonistic effects of Xiahuang Granules on gastrointestinal inhibition were observed by using the model of gastric emptying and intestinal propulsive inhibition in mice induced by morphine (5 mg/kg, ip). The effect of Xiahuang Granules on intestinal absorption was observed by weighing small intestine in mice. The antiemetic effect of Xiahuang Granules was observed by cisplatin pica model in rats. The effects and mechanism of Xiahuang Granules were investigated by using isolated ileum and colon models of spastic guinea pig induced by morphine. Results Compared with the model group, five days after the mice were given Xiahuang Granules, 14.95 and 7.48 g/kg of Xiahuang Granules significantly increased the 24-hour excretion of constipated mice with slow transmission constipation (P < 0.05 and 0.01). After seven days of continuous administration, 14.95 and 7.48 g/kg significantly promoted the intestinal propulsion rate, and 14.95g of crude drugs/kg significantly increased serum P content in serum (P < 0.05 and 0.01). One day after administration, 14.95 and 7.48 g/kg significantly increased the small intestine propulsion percentage of mice, accelerate gastric emptying, and14.95 g of crude drugs/kg increased the small intestine moisture content (P < 0.01). After three days of administration in rats, the weight of kaoling eated by rats was significantly decreased in the group of 10.35 g/kg dose (P < 0.05). 0.62, 1.25, and 2.49 mg/mL of Xiahuang Granules (final concentration of bath tank) significantly reduced the intestinal tension of normal ileum and colon, while 1.25, 2.49 mg/mL (final concentration of bath tank) significantly reduced the intestinal tension of spastic ileum and colon caused by morphine (P < 0.05 and 0.01). Conclusion Xiahuang Granules have obvious therapeutic effect on morphine-induced slow transit constipation with obvious functions of relieving constipation, relieving spasm, promoting gastrointestinal movement, intestinal absorption, and antiemetic effect.

天津市科技計劃項目（14ZCZDSY00005）；天津科技支撐計劃項目（15ZCZDSY00470）；天津市應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)與前沿技術(shù)研究計劃（14JCQNJC13800、15JCYBJC29500）