目的 通過(guò)研究黃芪多糖對(duì)蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔出血（SAH）大鼠神經(jīng)元凋亡因子及腦積水的影響，探討黃芪多糖發(fā)揮作用可能存在的機(jī)制。方法 以雄性SD大鼠為研究對(duì)象，隨機(jī)分為假手術(shù)組、模型組、黃芪多糖組。采用顱內(nèi)血管刺破法建立SAH模型后，黃芪多糖組ip給予黃芪多糖40 mg/kg，1次/d，模型組給予和假手術(shù)組相同容量的生理鹽水，24 h后進(jìn)行神經(jīng)功能評(píng)分，采用免疫組化和免疫蛋白印跡法檢測(cè)各組大鼠海馬部核因子（NF）-κB、Bcl2、Caspase3、AQP4的陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞數(shù)及灰度值，應(yīng)用核磁共振技術(shù)分別掃描各組大鼠腦室，統(tǒng)計(jì)腦室大小指數(shù)變化情況。結(jié)果 免疫組化和免疫蛋白印跡結(jié)果顯示，與假手術(shù)組相比，黃芪多糖組和模型組大鼠海馬部凋亡相關(guān)因子Bcl2、Caspase3、NF-κB均有明顯的表達(dá)（P<0.01），但模型組上調(diào)Bcl2的表達(dá)和抑制Caspase3及NF-κB表達(dá)的效果弱于黃芪多糖組（P<0.01）。與假手術(shù)組對(duì)比，黃芪多糖組和模型組海馬部AQP4的表達(dá)和腦室指數(shù)均明顯提高（P<0.01），黃芪多糖組與模型組相比海馬部AQP4表達(dá)無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義，而黃芪多糖組腦室指數(shù)小于模型組（P<0.01）。結(jié)論 黃芪多糖能通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)NF-κB、Bcl2、Caspase3的表達(dá)來(lái)抑制SAH大鼠海馬部位神經(jīng)元的凋亡，而減輕因SAH引起的腦積水，在早期可能不是主要通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)AQP4表達(dá)而發(fā)揮作用的。

Objective To study the effect of astragalus polysaccharide on neuronal apoptosis factor and hydrocephalus in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage and explore the possible mechanism of astragalus polysaccharide.Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group and astragalus polysaccharide group. After the SAH model was established by intracranial vascular puncture, the astragalus polysaccharide group was intraperitoneally injected with astragalus polysaccharide (40 mg/kg, once a day). The model group was given the same volume of saline as the sham-operated group. After 24 hours, the neurological function was scored. The positive cells of NF-κB, Bcl 2, Caspase 3 and AQP4 in the hippocampus of each group were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The ventricles of rats in each group were scanned by magnetic resonance technology, and the changes of ventricular size index were counted.Results The results of immunohistochemistry and Western blot showed that the expression of Bcl 2, caspase 3 and NF-κB in the hippocampus of ASP group and model group were significantly higher than those of sham operation group (P<0.01), but the effect of up-regulating the expression of Bcl 2 and down-regulating the expression of caspase 3 and NF-κB in model group was weaker than that of ASP group (P<0.01). Compared with the sham operation group, the expression of AQP4 in hippocampus and ventricular index in Astragalus polysaccharide group and model group were significantly increased (P<0.01). The expression of AQP4 in hippocampus of astragalus polysaccharide group was not statistically significant, but the ventricular index in astragalus polysaccharide group was lower than that in model group (P<0.01). Conclusion Astragalus polysaccharide can inhibit neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of SAH rats by regulating the expression of NF-κB, Bcl 2 and caspase 3, and alleviate hydrocephalus caused by SAH. It may not play a major role in the early stage by regulating the expression of AQP4.

貴州省國(guó)內(nèi)一流建設(shè)學(xué)科項(xiàng)目（中藥學(xué)GNYL[2017]008號(hào)）；貴中醫(yī)科院內(nèi)[2016]30號(hào)