目的 探討兒童使用喜炎平注射液致過敏性休克（AS）的危險因素，為臨床安全用藥提供參考。方法 回顧分析2016年1月-2018年10月荊門市第一人民醫(yī)院、荊門市第二人民醫(yī)院和荊門市石化醫(yī)院上報的680例兒童使用喜炎平注射液發(fā)生不良反應(yīng)（ADR）的臨床資料，根據(jù)AS診斷標準分為AS組（128例）和非AS組（552例），采用單因素（χ2檢驗）及多因素（Logistic回歸）對嚴重過敏反應(yīng)的險因素進行分析。結(jié)果 兒童使用喜炎平注射液發(fā)生AS占ADR的18.82%，49.22%發(fā)生在首次用藥30 min內(nèi)，絕大部分患者經(jīng)停藥、吸氧、抗過敏等干預(yù)后其過敏癥狀逐漸改善，最后均痊愈出院。單因素分析顯示年齡、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)、過敏史、入住ICU、腎功能、聯(lián)合用藥種類數(shù)、聯(lián)合中藥注射劑、超劑量用藥、輸液濃度和預(yù)處理與AS相關(guān)。多因素分析顯示預(yù)處理（輸液前后沖管）、肌酐清除率<30 mL/min、入住ICU、輸液濃度>1mg/mL、聯(lián)用中藥注射劑、超劑量用藥和年齡<3歲是兒童使用喜炎平注射液發(fā)生AS的獨立危險因素。結(jié)論 臨床實踐中應(yīng)重點關(guān)注有獨立危險因素的患者，以保證兒童患者使用喜炎平注射液臨床安全用藥。

Objective To investigate risk factors of anaphylactic shock(AS)caused by Xiyanping Injection in children, and provide a reference for clinical safety medication. Methods Retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 680 children who were treated with Xiyanping Injection in Jingmen First People's Hospital, Jingmen Second People's Hospital and Jingmen Petrochemical Hospital from January of 2016 to October of 2018. According to AS diagnostic criteria, they were divided into AS group (128 patients) and non-AS group (552 patients). Univariate (χ² test) and multiple factors (Logistic regression) were used to select risk factors that related to AS. Results The incidence of AS in children Xiyanping Injection accounted for 18.82% of ADR. And 49.22% AS occurred within 30 minutes of the first medication. Most of patients gradually improved their allergy symptoms after drug withdrawal, oxygen inhalation, and anti-allergic interventions. Univariate analysis showed that the age, body mass index (BMI), history of allergies, admission to the ICU, number of combinations, combined Chinese medicine injections, overdose medication, infusion concentration, and pretreatment of patient associated with AS, and multiple factors analysis showed that pretreatment (infusion tube), creatinine clearance<30 mL/min, admission to ICU, infusion concentration>1 mg/mL, combination of traditional Chinese medicine injection, overdose medication and age<3 years were independent risk factors. Conclusion Clinical practice should focus on patients with independent risk factors to ensure clinical safety use of Xiyanping Injection.