馬兜鈴酸類(lèi)成分是廣泛存在于馬兜鈴科植物中的硝基菲類(lèi)化合物，已被證實(shí)具有腎毒性、致癌和致基因突變等作用。我國(guó)自2003年以來(lái)采取一系列風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制措施，其中馬兜鈴酸含量高的關(guān)木通、廣防己和青木香等藥材已被禁用。目前，一些馬兜鈴酸含量低的中藥材與中成藥仍在使用中，鑒于馬兜鈴酸成分對(duì)人體的嚴(yán)重危害性，有必要進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)相關(guān)藥材與制劑的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估。在歸納馬兜鈴酸類(lèi)成分結(jié)構(gòu)等基本信息的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)近年來(lái)的檢測(cè)分析方法進(jìn)展進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，為其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制與安全使用提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。

Aristolochic acids are nitrophenanthrene compounds widely existed in Aristolochia plants. It has been proved that they have renal toxicity, carcinogenesis and gene mutation. A series of risk control measurements has been adopted in our country since 2003. For example, Caulis Aristolochiae Manshuriensis, Radix Aristolochia Fangji and Radix Aristolochiae with high content of aristolochic acids have been banned. At present, some Chinese herbal medicines and preparations with low content of aristolochic acids are still in use. Due to the serious harmfulness of aristolochic acids to human, It's necessary to further strenghthen the risk assessment of related species. This review summarizes the basic chemical information of the aristolochic acids and progress in detection and analysis methods in recent years. It provides a scientific basis for risk control and safe use of related species.