間充質(zhì)干細胞（MSCs）是人體內(nèi)參與免疫平衡、維持組織器官的穩(wěn)態(tài)和功能以及組織損傷修復的一類重要成體干細胞。MSCs具有自我更新能力和多向分化潛能，國際干細胞協(xié)會將MSCs向脂肪、成骨等細胞分化的能力作為其重要的檢測標準。作為骨細胞和脂肪細胞的共同來源，MSCs在成骨和成脂分化之間相互協(xié)調(diào)和相互競爭，并在多種調(diào)控因素作用下保持著微妙的平衡。對MSCs成骨、成脂分化的信號通路、調(diào)控因素進行分析，并對其分化誘導方法以及鑒定方法進行總結(jié)，以期為MSCs基礎研究及臨床應用提供參考依據(jù)。

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an important adult stem cells, which participate in immune balance, maintain the homeostasis and function of tissues and organs, and repair damaged tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells have the self-renewal and multi-differentiation potential, able to differentiating into multiple cell types, such as bone, fat and other cells. International Stem Cell Association regards the ability as an important standard of MSCs. As common progenitor cells of osteoblasts and adipocytes, MSCs delicately balanced their differentiation commitment. This review analyzes the signaling pathways and regulatory factors of MSCs osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. The Induced differentiation methods and identification methods are also summarized, so as to provide reference for basic research and clinical application of MSCs.

北京市科技型中小企業(yè)促進專項（Z17010101061）