間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞（MSCs）是人體內(nèi)參與免疫平衡、維持組織器官的穩(wěn)態(tài)和功能以及組織損傷修復(fù)的一類重要成體干細(xì)胞。MSCs具有自我更新能力和多向分化潛能，國(guó)際干細(xì)胞協(xié)會(huì)將MSCs向脂肪、成骨等細(xì)胞分化的能力作為其重要的檢測(cè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。作為骨細(xì)胞和脂肪細(xì)胞的共同來(lái)源，MSCs在成骨和成脂分化之間相互協(xié)調(diào)和相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，并在多種調(diào)控因素作用下保持著微妙的平衡。對(duì)MSCs成骨、成脂分化的信號(hào)通路、調(diào)控因素進(jìn)行分析，并對(duì)其分化誘導(dǎo)方法以及鑒定方法進(jìn)行總結(jié)，以期為MSCs基礎(chǔ)研究及臨床應(yīng)用提供參考依據(jù)。

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an important adult stem cells, which participate in immune balance, maintain the homeostasis and function of tissues and organs, and repair damaged tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells have the self-renewal and multi-differentiation potential, able to differentiating into multiple cell types, such as bone, fat and other cells. International Stem Cell Association regards the ability as an important standard of MSCs. As common progenitor cells of osteoblasts and adipocytes, MSCs delicately balanced their differentiation commitment. This review analyzes the signaling pathways and regulatory factors of MSCs osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. The Induced differentiation methods and identification methods are also summarized, so as to provide reference for basic research and clinical application of MSCs.

北京市科技型中小企業(yè)促進(jìn)專項(xiàng)（Z17010101061）