MicroRNAs（miRNAs）是一類內(nèi)源性的小分子單鏈非編碼RNA，通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)基因的表達(dá)在許多生命活動(dòng)中起重要作用。在一些疾?。ㄈ绨┌Y和自身免疫性疾?。┌l(fā)生時(shí)，miRNAs的表達(dá)譜可能發(fā)生改變，所以在藥物的安全性評(píng)價(jià)中，其有望成為診斷或預(yù)后生物標(biāo)志物。因此，準(zhǔn)確測(cè)定miRNA的表達(dá)對(duì)于其應(yīng)用十分重要。對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的RNA印記（Northernblotting）、微陣列（microarray）和實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR（qRT-PCR）以及一些新的miRNAs檢測(cè)方法（如基于納米材料的miRNAs檢測(cè)、核酸擴(kuò)增等技術(shù)）進(jìn)行概述，并闡述了這些方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of endogenous, small, single-stranded non-coding RNAs. Studies have shown that miRNAs play an important role in many life activities by regulating gene expression. In addition, the expression profile of miRNAs may change when some diseases (such as cancer and autoimmune diseases) occur, miRNAs are expected to become diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in safety evaluation of drugs. Therefore, accurate detection of miRNA expression is very important for its application. The traditional methods of Northern blotting, microarray, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and some new methods of miRNAs detection, such as nanomaterial based miRNAs detection and nucleic acid amplification, are reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are described.

“十三五”國(guó)家“重大新藥創(chuàng)制”科技重大專項(xiàng)（2018ZX09201017-001）