目的 利用模式生物斑馬魚(yú)研究香青蘭總黃酮（TFDM）整體發(fā)育急性毒性。方法 采用發(fā)育至48 h的斑馬魚(yú)暴露于5、10、20、40、42、44、46、48、50、100 μg·mL^-1的TFDM，分別于暴露后24、48 h（24、48 hpe），計(jì)算死亡率、半數(shù)死亡濃度（LC₅₀）值；測(cè)量每組斑馬魚(yú)幼魚(yú)的體長(zhǎng)，進(jìn)行形態(tài)學(xué)觀察并評(píng)分；顯微鏡下觀察斑馬魚(yú)心臟形態(tài)并拍照，記錄心率，使用Image-Pro Plus 5.1測(cè)量斑馬魚(yú)靜脈竇-動(dòng)脈球（SV-BA）距離；顯微鏡下觀察各組斑馬魚(yú)是否有體側(cè)水腫來(lái)判斷TFDM對(duì)腎臟的影響并拍照；應(yīng)用肝臟標(biāo)記綠色熒光的轉(zhuǎn)基因斑馬魚(yú)Tg （L-FABP∶EGFP），通過(guò)檢測(cè)肝臟熒光強(qiáng)度和面積，觀察TFDM對(duì)肝臟毒性的影響。結(jié)果 TFDM的24 hpe LC₅₀為50 μg·mL^-1，48 hpe LC₅₀為48 μg·mL^-1，100 μg·mL^-1 TFDM組斑馬魚(yú)幼魚(yú)全部死亡。與空白對(duì)照組比較，20 μg·mL^-1以下的TFDM對(duì)斑馬魚(yú)的形態(tài)和心、肝、腎各臟器無(wú)影響；20 μg·mL^-1濃度的TFDM處理斑馬魚(yú)48 h導(dǎo)致個(gè)別斑馬魚(yú)魚(yú)鰾體積減小或缺失，對(duì)其他臟器無(wú)顯著影響；40 μg·mL^-1的TFDM導(dǎo)致斑馬魚(yú)出現(xiàn)輕微的心包水腫，處理48 h以后斑馬魚(yú)體長(zhǎng)顯著減?。?i>P＜0.01），形態(tài)評(píng)分顯著下降（P＜0.01），斑馬魚(yú)的肝臟形態(tài)出現(xiàn)輕微變化，但肝臟熒光強(qiáng)度和肝臟熒光面積無(wú)顯著性變化，對(duì)腎臟無(wú)影響；暴露在50 μg·mL^-1的TFDM中24 h，斑馬魚(yú)出現(xiàn)心包水腫，心率顯著下降（P＜0.05），肝臟熒光強(qiáng)度和面積顯著減?。?i>P＜0.05），腎臟無(wú)明顯變化。結(jié)論 TFDM對(duì)斑馬魚(yú)的毒性較小，低濃度（≤10 μg·mL^-1）的TFDM對(duì)斑馬魚(yú)無(wú)毒性；中濃度（20 μg·mL^-1）下TFDM對(duì)斑馬魚(yú)的毒性微弱，僅導(dǎo)致部分斑馬魚(yú)魚(yú)鰾體積減小或缺失，對(duì)其他各臟器無(wú)毒性；高濃度（≥40 μg·mL^-1及以上）下有輕微的心臟毒性和肝臟毒性，在臨床應(yīng)用中有必要合理控制用量。

Objective To study the effects of total flavonoids of Dracocephalum moldavica L. (TFDM) on overall developmental acute toxicity of zebrafish. Methods Zebrafish embryos at 48 hpf (hours post fertilization) were exposed to different concentrations (5, 10, 20, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 100 μg·mL^-1) of TFDM. The mortality rate and half death concentration (LC₅₀) were recorded at 24 and 48 hpe (hours post exposure). The body length of each group of juvenile zebrafish was measured, morphological observation and scoring were carried out. The heart morphology of zebrafish was observed and photographed under a microscope, and the heart rate was recorded. Image-pro Plus 5.1 was used to measure the distance between zebrafish venous sinus and arterial sphere (SV-BA). The influence of TFDM on kidney was determined by observing lateral edema of zebrafish in each group under the microscope and taking pictures. Transgenic zebrafish Tg (L-FABP∶ EGFP) labeled with green fluorescence in liver was used to observe the effect of TFDM on liver toxicity by detecting the intensity and area of liver fluorescence. Results The 24 hpe LC₅₀ of TFDM was 50 μg·mL^-1 and the 48 hpe LC₅₀ was 48 μg·mL^-1 and all the juvenile zebrafish in TFDM 100 μg·mL^-1 group died. Compared with blank control group, TFDM under 20 μg·mL^-1 had no effect on morphology and organs of heart, liver and kidney of zebrafish. TFDM treatment with 20 μg·mL^-1 concentration for 48 h resulted in decreased or lost swim bladder volume of individual zebrafish, but had no significant effect on other organs. After treatment for 48 h, the body length and morphology score of zebrafish were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the liver morphology of zebrafish was slightly changed, but the liver fluorescence intensity and liver fluorescence area had no significant change, and had no effect on kidney. After exposure to 50 μg·mL^-1 TFDM for 24 h, pericardium edema was observed, heart rate decreased significantly (P<0.05), liver fluorescence intensity and area decreased significantly (P<0.05), and kidney did not change significantly. Conclusion In this study, TFDM was found to be less toxic to zebrafish. At low concentration (≤ 10 μg·mL^-1), TFDM had no toxicity to zebrafish. TFDM showed weak toxicity to zebrafish at medium concentration (20 μg·mL^-1), which only reduced or lost the swim bladder of some zebrafish, and had no toxicity to other organs. Slight cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity were observed at high concentrations (≥ 40 μg·mL^-1). Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the management and control the dosage in clinical application.

R994.21

新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開(kāi)放課題(2021D04017);新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)公益性科研院所科研項(xiàng)目(KY2021097);2020年自治區(qū)高層次人才引進(jìn)工程(柔性引進(jìn)人才)項(xiàng)目;山東省自然科學(xué)優(yōu)秀青年基金資助項(xiàng)目(ZR2020YQ60)