目的 采用氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用法（GC-MS）分析沉香Aquilaria sinensis（Lour.）Gilg精油成分，比較不同溶劑和不同提取方式對沉香精油成分的影響。方法 精密稱取3份沉香粉30 g，分別加入150 mL三級水、無水乙醇和石油醚，在50℃下磁力攪拌1.5 h，濾過，濾渣重復(fù)以上步驟1次，合并濾液，濃縮得精油；沉香粉分別經(jīng)超臨界提取、連續(xù)相變提取、水蒸氣提取制備精油；稱量精油質(zhì)量，計算得率。通過氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用儀（GC-MS）對揮發(fā)性化合物進(jìn)行鑒定及檢測相對含量；通過GC-MS對不同提取方式所得精油中脂肪酸組成進(jìn)行檢測。結(jié)果 水、乙醇和石油醚提取精油共檢測出191種物質(zhì)，不同溶劑所得提取物組成差異較大；乙醇提取精油得率最高，為10.70%。超臨界、連續(xù)相變和水蒸氣提取精油共檢測出180種物質(zhì)，連續(xù)相變提取所得精油香氣成分最多，為90種，且精油得率最高，為1.42%；3種提取方法所得精油共檢測到8種脂肪酸，連續(xù)相變所得精油脂肪酸種類最多，為8種。結(jié)論 不同溶劑和不同方式提取所得成分差異較大，但連續(xù)相變提取精油得率高、提取成分多，有利于還原沉香的本身風(fēng)味，是一種新型有效的提取方式。

Objective The effect of different extraction methods and solvent used on the composition of agarwood essential oils (EOs) was studied using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Methods Three parts of agarwood powder (30 g) were accurately weighed, and 150 mL of three-stage water, absolute ethanol and petroleum ether were added, respectively. The powder was stirred by magnetic force at 50℃ for 1.5 h, filtered, and the filter residue was repeated for one time. The essential oil was prepared from aloes powder by supercritical extraction, continuous phase change extraction and steam extraction. Weigh the essential oil and calculate the yield. The relative contents of volatile compounds were determined by GC-MS. The composition of fatty acids in essential oils obtained by different extraction methods was detected by GC-MS. Results A total of 191 compounds were detected in the EOs extracted with water, ethanol and petroleum ether, respectively, indicating the compositions of the EOs extracts highly depended on the extracted solvents. The highest yield of EOs (10.70%) extracted by ethanol was obtained. For the different extraction methods, totally 180 substances were detected in EOs extracted using the supercritical, continuous phase transition and water vapor extraction method. Wherein, the EOs extracted using continuous phase transition method had the most abundant aroma composition (90) and highest yield (1.42%). Totally eight fatty acids were detected in EOs extracted by three extraction methods, where the EOs extracted by continuous phase transition have the highest amounts of fatty acids (eight kinds). Conclusion Different solvents and extraction methods strongly affected the composition of agarwood EOs. The continuous phase transition method with the advantages of high yield and abundant extraction of EOs was conducive to restore the initial flavor of agarwood, which may provide a novel technique to extract the aroma.

R284.1

中國博士后面上項目（2020M672651）；廣東省功能食品活性物重點實驗室資助項目（2018B030322010）