目的 建立注意力缺陷多動障礙（ADHD）大鼠模型，觀察小兒黃龍顆粒對ADHD模型大鼠的注意定勢轉(zhuǎn)移能力的影響。方法 采用自發(fā)性高血壓大鼠（SHR）作為ADHD模型大鼠，將32只健康SHR隨機分為模型組、哌甲酯（陽性藥，給予鹽酸哌甲酯緩釋片6.75 mg·kg^-1）組和小兒黃龍顆粒低、高劑量（1.875、3.75 g·kg^-1）組，每組8只，另分別設WKY大鼠組和Wistar大鼠組（作為對照），每組8只。各給藥組按10 mL·kg^-1體質(zhì)量ig給藥，模型組、對照組ig生理鹽水，每天2次，連續(xù)給藥21 d。檢測各組大鼠在注意定勢轉(zhuǎn)移任務（AST）中各階段［簡單辨別（SD）階段、復雜辨別（CD）及其反向階段、內(nèi)維度轉(zhuǎn)換（IDS）及其反向階段、逆反學習（RL）及其反向階段、外維度轉(zhuǎn)換（EDS）及其反向階段］的錯誤次數(shù)和錯誤率。結(jié)果 模型組SHR在CD、IDS、RL階段的錯誤次數(shù)及錯誤率顯著高于Wistar大鼠（P＜0.05、0.01）；在IDS反向階段，模型組大鼠的錯誤率較Wistar大鼠顯著增加（P＜0.05），其他階段SHR的錯誤次數(shù)及錯誤率較Wistar大鼠呈增加趨勢。小兒黃龍顆粒各劑量組各階段的錯誤次數(shù)及錯誤率較模型組大鼠有不同程度的減少，其中小兒黃龍顆粒高劑量組在CD階段的錯誤次數(shù)及錯誤率，低劑量組在IDS正向階段的錯誤次數(shù)與錯誤率，高劑量組在IDS正向階段的錯誤次數(shù)，低、高劑量組在RL正向階段的錯誤次數(shù)，與模型組大鼠相比有顯著差異（P＜0.05、0.01）。結(jié)論 小兒黃龍顆粒能夠提高ADHD大鼠的注意定勢轉(zhuǎn)移能力，治療ADHD。

Objective To establish a model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to observe the effect of Xiaoer Huanglong Granule on attention set-shifting ability in rats with ADHD. Methods Using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as ADHD model rats, 32 healthy SHRs were randomly divided into model group, methylphenidate (positive drug, given methylphenidate hydrochloride sustained-release tablets 6.75 mg·kg^-1) group and low and high dose (1.875, 3.75 g·kg^-1) group of Xiaoer Huanglong Granule, with eight rats in each group, and WKY rats group and Wistar rats group (as control), with eight rats in each group. The drug was administered at 10 mL·kg^-1 body mass by ig. The model group and control group were administered with ig saline twice a day for 21 days. The number of errors and error rate of rats in each stage of attention set transfer task (AST) [simple discrimination (SD), complex discrimination (CD) and its reverse phase, internal dimension conversion (IDS) and its reverse phase, reverse learning (RL) and its reverse phase, external dimension conversion (EDS) and its reverse phase] were measured. Results The error frequency and error rate of SHR in CD, IDS and RL stage in model group were significantly higher than that in Wistar rats (P< 0.05, 0.01). In the reverse phase of IDS, the error rate of model group rats was significantly higher than that of Wistar rats (P< 0.05). The number of errors and error rate of SHR in other stages were increased compared with Wistar rats. The number of errors and error rate at each stage of Xiaoer Huanglong Granule each dose group were reduced to different degrees compared with the model group rats, including the number of errors and error rate at CD stage in the high-dose group of Xiaoer Huanglong Granule, the number of errors and error rate at the forward stage of IDS in the low-dose group, the number of errors at the forward stage of IDS in the high-dose group, and the number of errors at the forward stage of RL in the low-dose and high-dose groups, there was significant difference compared with the model group (P< 0.05, 0.01). Conclusion Xiaoer Huanglong Granules can improve the attentional setshifting ability of rats with ADHD and treat ADHD.

R285.5

國家自然科學基金面上項目（81973492）