非洲爪蟾Xenopus laevis作為一種經(jīng)典的模式生物，在疾病模型的建立、藥物篩選、藥理學(xué)機(jī)制研究等領(lǐng)域都發(fā)揮著重要的作用，這主要得益于其獨(dú)特的生物學(xué)特征。非洲爪蟾在藥物研究中的應(yīng)用優(yōu)勢(shì)主要表現(xiàn)在遺傳相似性、解剖學(xué)和生理學(xué)相似性、胚胎透明易觀察、基因編輯的可行性。非洲爪蟾中常用的藥物篩選方法包括基于表型的藥物篩選、無(wú)細(xì)胞篩選系統(tǒng)和卵母細(xì)胞篩選系統(tǒng)等。目前非洲爪蟾在神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病治療藥物、抗腫瘤藥物、代謝性疾病治療藥物、罕見(jiàn)病治療藥物的篩選及藥物安全性評(píng)價(jià)、藥物代謝和藥效評(píng)價(jià)中的應(yīng)用均取得一定進(jìn)展。綜述非洲爪蟾作為模式生物的優(yōu)勢(shì)及其在藥物研究中的應(yīng)用實(shí)例，同時(shí)也探討其發(fā)展中面臨的挑戰(zhàn)以及應(yīng)用前景，以期為藥物的篩選和評(píng)價(jià)選擇更高效的模式生物提供參考。

As a classical model organism, Xenopus laevis plays an important role in the establishment of disease models, drug screening, and pharmacological mechanism research, mainly due to its unique biological characteristics. The advantages of the application of X. laevis in drug research are mainly in genetic similarity, anatomical and physiological similarity, embryonic transparency and easy observation, and the feasibility of gene editing. Commonly used drug screening methods in X. laevis include phenotype-based drug screening, cell-free screening system and oocyte screening system. Currently, X. laevis has made some progress in the screening of therapeutic drugs for neurological diseases, anti-tumor drugs, metabolic diseases, and rare diseases, as well as in the evaluation of drug safety, drug metabolism, and pharmacodynamic evaluation. We summarize the advantages of X. laevis as a model organism and its applications in drug research, and also discuss the challenges in its development and application prospects, with a view to selecting more efficient model organisms for drug screening and evaluation.

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(82003846);中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院醫(yī)學(xué)與健康科技創(chuàng)新工程重大協(xié)同創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目資助(2021-I2M-1-042)