超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）是廣泛存在于生物體內(nèi)的主要生物酶類之一，能夠有效清除活性氧（ROS），對(duì)維持機(jī)體氧化抗氧化平衡起到至關(guān)重要的作用。近年來，隨著對(duì)SOD的深入研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)其活性表達(dá)與惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展及防治有十分密切的聯(lián)系?，F(xiàn)代藥理研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，藥物調(diào)控SOD的表達(dá)能夠影響腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖、轉(zhuǎn)移以及侵襲，還能夠促進(jìn)腫瘤的死亡。SOD在不同腫瘤中表現(xiàn)出差異化表達(dá)，在前列腺癌、肺癌、宮頸癌、鼻咽癌中SOD的表達(dá)升高，通過SOD抑制劑抑制這些腫瘤中SOD的表達(dá)，能夠促進(jìn)癌細(xì)胞的凋亡，抑制腫瘤生長；而在胃癌中發(fā)現(xiàn)SOD的活性降低，采用SOD模擬物增加胃癌中SOD的活性，能夠誘導(dǎo)胃癌細(xì)胞的凋亡；在結(jié)直腸癌和鼻咽癌中發(fā)現(xiàn)了SOD的高表達(dá)，采用藥物下調(diào)結(jié)直腸癌和鼻咽癌中SOD的表達(dá)能促進(jìn)結(jié)直腸癌和鼻咽癌細(xì)胞的凋亡，其中下調(diào)結(jié)直腸癌中SOD表達(dá)還能夠抑制癌細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)移和侵襲。藥物可以通過調(diào)控SOD表達(dá)發(fā)揮抗腫瘤作用，而這主要與SOD清除ROS的作用有關(guān)。梳理藥物調(diào)控SOD的表達(dá)抗腫瘤藥理作用以及臨床研究現(xiàn)狀，以期為開發(fā)新型抗腫瘤藥物及輔助治療手段提供參考。

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the major biological enzymes widely present in living organisms, which can effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and plays a crucial role in maintaining the oxidative and antioxidant balance of the body. In recent years, with the in-depth study of SOD, it is found that the expression of its activity has a very close relationship with the occurrence, development and prevention of malignant tumors. Modern pharmacological studies have found that pharmacological modulation of SOD expression can affect the proliferation, metastasis and invasion of tumor cells, and also promote tumor death. SOD shows differential expression in different tumors, and SOD expression is elevated in prostate, lung, cervical, and nasopharyngeal cancers, and inhibition of SOD expression in these tumors by SOD inhibitors can promote apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth. While in gastric cancers, the inhibitor can promote apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth. In gastric cancers, the activity of SOD was found to be decreased, and the use of SOD mimics to induce apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. In colorectal and nasopharyngeal cancers, the high expression of SOD was found, and the use of drugs to down-regulate the expression of SOD was able to promote the apoptosis of colorectal and nasopharyngeal cancers, in which down-regulation of the expression of SOD in colorectal cancers was also able to inhibit the metastasis and invasion of cancer cells. Drugs can exert antitumor effects by regulating SOD expression, which is mainly related to the role of SOD in scavenging ROS. The antitumor pharmacological effects of drugs modulating SOD expression and the current status of clinical research were sorted out, with a view to providing reference for the development of novel antitumor drugs and adjuvant therapeutic means.

R979.1

黑龍江應(yīng)用技術(shù)研究與開發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目（GA19C107）