導管相關(guān)性血栓為腎衰竭患兒接受靜脈置管措施時常見、多發(fā)的并發(fā)癥，導管相關(guān)性血栓不僅會造成導管部分或完全阻塞，影響腎臟血液供應，進而影響腎臟功能。另外導管相關(guān)性血栓還可能增加肺栓塞的發(fā)生風險，會延長患兒的住院時間，增加治療費用，甚至會導致休克等嚴重安全事件發(fā)生。因此，需要明確腎衰竭患兒導管相關(guān)性血栓發(fā)生的危險因素，并給予合理的預防和治療措施，以降低導管相關(guān)性血栓對患兒的影響。目前，對于腎衰竭患兒導管相關(guān)性血栓的藥物治療措施主要包括抗凝治療、溶栓治療等。對腎衰竭患兒導管相關(guān)性血栓的高發(fā)時間點、危險因素等進行分析，并總結(jié)導管相關(guān)性血栓治療藥物的種類及應用情況，以期為臨床腎衰竭患兒導管相關(guān)性血栓的防治提供借鑒與參考。

Catheter-associated thrombosis is a common and frequent complication in children with renal failure undergoing intravenous catheterization. Catheter-associated thrombosis not only causes partial or complete obstruction of the catheter, but also affects the renal blood supply, which in turn affects renal function. In addition, catheter-associated thrombosis may also increase the risk of pulmonary embolism, which may prolong hospitalization, increase treatment costs, and even lead to serious safety events such as shock. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the risk factors of catheter-related thrombosis in children with renal failure, and give reasonable preventive and therapeutic measures to reduce the impact of catheter-related thrombosis on children. At present, the drug treatment measures for catheter-related thrombosis in children with renal failure mainly include anticoagulation therapy and thrombolytic therapy. This article analyzes the high incidence time point and risk factors of catheter-related thrombosis in children with renal failure, and summarizes the types and applications of catheter-related thrombosis treatment drugs, in order to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of catheter-related thrombosis in children with renal failure.

國家自然科學基金資助項目（22177083）;四川大學華西第二醫(yī)院課題（HLBKJ202202;HLBKJ202203）