目的 基于雙進(jìn)樣液相色譜技術(shù)分析不同產(chǎn)地龍眼肉藥材中3種可溶性糖和7種有機(jī)酸含量差異，為龍眼肉的質(zhì)量控制及風(fēng)味評(píng)價(jià)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。方法 收集5個(gè)產(chǎn)地共51批次龍眼肉樣本，利用雙進(jìn)樣液相色譜儀同步運(yùn)行檢測，可溶性糖（果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖）以乙腈-水（87∶13）為流動(dòng)相等度洗脫，采用蒸發(fā)光散射檢測器（ELSD）檢測；有機(jī)酸（酒石酸、蘋果酸、抗壞血酸、乳酸、檸檬酸、琥珀酸、富馬酸）以甲醇-水（0.1%磷酸）梯度洗脫，采用光電二極管陣列檢測器（PDA）檢測。含量測定結(jié)果結(jié)合主成分分析（PCA）、偏最小二乘法-判別分析（PLS-DA）、聚類分析（HCA）和灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析（GRA），綜合評(píng)價(jià)不同產(chǎn)地龍眼肉的質(zhì)量及風(fēng)味。結(jié)果 3種可溶性糖的含量上存在顯著差異，其中蔗糖平均含量（47.38 mg·g^-1）顯著高于葡萄糖（10.49 mg·g^-1）和果糖（14.88 mg·g^-1），是區(qū)分不同批次龍眼肉的差異性成分，可作為龍眼肉質(zhì)量控制指標(biāo)，建議將其含量限度設(shè)定為不低于31.73 mg·g^-1；7種有機(jī)酸中，琥珀酸（45.78 mg·g^-1）和乳酸（44.18 mg·g^-1）平均含量顯著高于其他有機(jī)酸，是區(qū)分不同批次龍眼肉的差異性成分，建議將琥珀酸和乳酸總含量限度設(shè)定為不低于56.15 mg·g^-1。GRA表明，中國廣西、中國廣東、中國福建3個(gè)地區(qū)來源的龍眼肉相對關(guān)聯(lián)度（R_i）較大，質(zhì)量較優(yōu)；基于糖酸特征，將不同批次的龍眼肉分為6種風(fēng)味，來自中國廣西、中國廣東和中國福建，呈現(xiàn)較好的甜酸平衡性，具有廣泛的適應(yīng)性。結(jié)論 蔗糖、琥珀酸和乳酸是影響龍眼肉品質(zhì)的關(guān)鍵成分。中國廣西、中國廣東、中國福建樣本品質(zhì)優(yōu)于泰國、越南樣本：中國廣西樣本甜味突出，中國廣東與中國福建樣本甜酸更平衡，綜合各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)，中國廣西龍眼肉綜合品質(zhì)更優(yōu)。

Objective To analyze the differences in the contents of three soluble sugars and seven organic acids in Longan Arillus (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) from different origins by using dual-injection liquid chromatography technology, and to provide a scientific basis for the quality control and flavor evaluation of Longan Arillus.Methods A total of 51 batches of Longan Arillus samples from five origins were collected. The dual-injection liquid chromatography system was used for simultaneous detection. The three soluble sugars (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) were eluted isostatically with acetonitrile-water (87∶13) and detected by evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). The seven organic acids (tartaric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, and fumaric acid) were eluted with a gradient of methanol-water (0.1% phosphoric acid) and detected by photodiode array detector (PDA). The content determination results were combined with principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and grey relational analysis (GRA) to comprehensively evaluate the quality and flavor of Longan Arillus from different origins.Results There were significant differences in the contents of the three soluble sugars. The average content of sucrose (47.38 mg·g^-1) was significantly higher than that of glucose (10.49 mg·g^-1) and fructose (14.88 mg·g^-1), and it was a differential component for distinguishing different batches of Longan Arillus, which could be used as a quality control index. It is recommended that the content limit be set at no less than 31.73 mg·g^-1. Among the seven organic acids, the average contents of succinic acid (45.78 mg·g^-1) and lactic acid (44.18 mg·g^-1) were significantly higher than those of other organic acids, and they were differential components for distinguishing different batches of Longan Arillus. It is recommended that the total content limit of succinic acid and lactic acid be set at no less than 56.15 mg·g^-1. GRA indicated that the Longan Arillus from Guangxi, Guangdong and Fujian in China had larger relative correlation degree (Ri) values and better quality. Based on the sugar-acid characteristics, the Longan Arillus samples were classified into six flavors. The samples from Guangxi, Guangdong and Fujian in China showed a better balance of sweetness and acidity and had wide adaptability.Conclusion Sucrose, succinic acid and lactic acid are the key components that affect the quality of Longan Arillus. The samples from Guangxi, Guangdong and Fujian in China have better quality than those from Thailand and Vietnam. The samples from Guangxi in China, have a prominent sweetness, while the samples from Guangdong and Fujian in China, have a more balanced sweetness and acidity. Based on all the indicators, the comprehensive quality of Longan Arillus from Guangxi in China is better.

R286.02

國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目（82174209）