神經(jīng)退行性疾病（NDDs）是一類以中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)（CNS）或周圍神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)（PNS）神經(jīng)元進(jìn)行性丟失為特征的疾病，其核心病理機(jī)制是神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的逐步崩潰，以及神經(jīng)元的不可逆性丟失。阿爾茨海默?。ˋD）是慢性NDDs的一種且最常見的類型，其病理機(jī)制復(fù)雜，涉及β-淀粉樣蛋白（Aβ）積聚、Tau蛋白異常磷酸化、神經(jīng)炎癥、氧化應(yīng)激及突觸功能障礙等多重因素。神經(jīng)炎癥在AD中扮演關(guān)鍵角色，早期發(fā)揮保護(hù)作用，但隨著疾病進(jìn)展，慢性炎癥釋放大量促炎因子和活性氧（ROS），加劇神經(jīng)元損傷和認(rèn)知功能下降。陳皮及其活性成分（如橙皮苷、川陳皮素、橘皮素）通過靶向核因子-κB（NF-κB）、絲裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B信號通路（PI3K/Akt）等炎癥相關(guān)通路，展現(xiàn)出多靶點、多途徑的抗炎作用，為AD的防治提供了新的理論依據(jù)和潛在策略。對AD的病理生物學(xué)與神經(jīng)炎癥機(jī)制進(jìn)行綜述，并探討陳皮活性成分在防治AD中的應(yīng)用前景，為開發(fā)以陳皮為基礎(chǔ)的藥物或藥食同源產(chǎn)品提供重要參考。

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are a class of diseases characterized by progressive loss of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS). The core pathological mechanism involves the gradual collapse of neural network structure and function, along with the irreversible loss of neurons. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common types of chronic NDDs. Its pathological mechanism is complex, involving multiple factors, including Aβ accumulation, abnormal phosphorylation of Tau protein, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and synaptic dysfunction. Neuroinflammation is a key feature in AD and serves a protective function in the early stages. However, as the disease progresses, chronic inflammation releases a large number of pro-inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS), aggravating neuronal damage and cognitive decline. Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) and its active components, such as hesperidin, nobiletin, and tangeretin, exhibit multi-target and multichannel anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and other inflammation-related pathways. This provides a new theoretical basis and potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of AD. This paper reviews the pathobiology and neuroinflammatory mechanisms of AD and discusses the potential application of CRP's active components in its prevention and treatment. These insights provide an important reference for the development of CRP-based drugs or medicinal and edible products.

R285.5

中央本級重大增減支項目“名貴中藥資源可持續(xù)利用能力建設(shè)項目”（2060302）；云浮市2021年中醫(yī)藥（南藥）產(chǎn)業(yè)人才項目-南藥資源創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊