目的 探討頭孢曲松聯(lián)合利福平對兒童大葉性肺炎的療效及安全性。方法 入組西安市中心醫(yī)院收治的患者78例，隨機(jī)分為觀察組（n=39）和對照組（n=39）。對照組靜脈給予注射用頭孢曲松鈉，每次80 mg/kg，每日1次。觀察組在對照組基礎(chǔ)上口服利福平膠囊，每次10~20 mg/kg，每日1次。兩組療程均為7~14 d。比較兩組患者（研究藥物自初次給藥時(shí)間的8~15 d）的臨床治愈率，炎癥因子白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-10（IL-10）、C反應(yīng)蛋白（CRP）、高遷移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）水平及不良反應(yīng)。結(jié)果 觀察組和對照組臨床有效率分別為87.2%、66.7%，兩組療效有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異（P<0.05）。與治療前比較，兩組患兒治療后血清IL-6、IL-10、CRP、HMGB1均顯著下降，同組治療前后比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）；且觀察組顯著低于對照組，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。兩組不良事件發(fā)生率，沒有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。結(jié)論 利福平聯(lián)合頭孢曲松治療兒童大葉性肺炎療效確切，安全性好，值得臨床應(yīng)用推廣。

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of ceftriaxone and rifampin in children with lobar pneumonia.Methods A total of 78 patients admitted to our hospital were randomly divided into observation group (n=39) and control group (n=39). The observation group was treated with ceftriaxone and rifampicin. The control group was treated with ceftriaxone. The two groups of treatment were 7 to 14 days.We compared clinical cure at the test-of-cure visit (study drug delivery time between 8 and 15 days) between two groups.Results During the follow-up of the cure test, the clinical cure rates in the observation group and the control group were 34 (87.2%) and 26 (66.7%) respectively, with statistically significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse events in both groups were similar, and there were no statistical difference between two groups.Conclusion Ceftriaxone combined with rifampicin to treat pediatric lobar pneumonia is effective and safe, and it is worth promoting the clinical application.