目的 通過建立水負(fù)荷模型，觀察不同劑量知母水提物對大鼠尿量及水通道蛋白（AQP）相關(guān)指標(biāo)的影響，探究其利水功效。方法 將實(shí)驗(yàn)動物分為對照組、模型組和知母水提物高、中、低劑量（4.56、3.04、1.52 mg/kg）組，置于代謝籠中，每天9：00時ig給藥，對照組和模型組給予等體積蒸餾水，連續(xù)3 d，記錄每日飲水量、日間8 h尿量、夜間12 h尿量。第4天除對照組外其余各組大鼠ip生理鹽水5 mL，同時ig生理鹽水5 mL，連續(xù)收集6 h尿量，分別記錄0~2、2~4、4~6 h尿量。水負(fù)荷實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后，取各組大鼠的氣管、肝臟、腎臟、大腸、小腸、胰腺、心臟、肺臟、唾腺。酶聯(lián)免疫法檢測氣管中AQP3、AQP4，肝臟中AQP9，腎臟中AQP2，小腸中AQP4，大腸中AQP2，胰腺中AQP3，心臟中AQP1，肺臟中AQP3、AQP4，唾腺中AQP5蛋白表達(dá)。結(jié)果 高劑量知母水提物的利水作用起效較慢，與對照組比較，正常大鼠第2、3天夜間12 h尿量顯著增加（P<0.05、0.01）；與模型組比較，高劑量組水負(fù)荷大鼠2~4、4~6 h尿量及總尿量均顯著增加（P<0.05），氣管AQP4、肝臟AQP9、腎臟AQP2、胰腺AQP3、心臟AQP1蛋白表達(dá)均顯著下降（P<0.05、0.01）；中劑量利水作用起效較快，與對照組比較，正常大鼠第1天日間8 h尿量、夜間12 h尿量顯著增加（P<0.05、0.01）；與模型組比較，中劑量組水負(fù)荷大鼠0~2、2~4 h尿量及總尿量均顯著增加（P<0.05），小腸AQP4，肺臟、氣管AQP3，心臟AQP1蛋白含量顯著降低（P<0.05、0.01）；與模型組比較，知母水提物低劑量組的水負(fù)荷大鼠肺、小腸AQP4，大腸、氣管AQP3和肝臟AQP9的蛋白表達(dá)顯著降低（P<0.05、0.01）。結(jié)論 知母水提物通過抑制AQP的表達(dá)，抑制機(jī)體對水的重吸收，起到利水作用。

Objective To observe the effects of different doses of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. on urine volume and the targets of aquaporin, by establishing a rat model of water load. Methods Animals were divided into five group, which are control group, model group, high, middle, and low dose (4.56, 3.04 and 1.52 mg/kg) of aqueous extract from Anemarrhena asphodeloides (AEAA) group, drugs were ig at 9 o'clock daily, rats in control and the model group were gave distilled water at same volume, which would last three days. The daily water intake, the urine volume of 8 h in the daytime and the urine volume of 12 h at night should be reworded. On the fourth day, except the control group, rats in the other groups were ip given with saline 5 mL and ig saline 5 mL. The urine volume was continuously collected for 6 hours, and the urine volume was recorded for 0~2, 2~4 and 4~6 hours respectively. At the end of the water load experiment, the trachea, liver, kidney, large intestine, small intestine, pancreas, heart, lung and salivary glands of rats in each group were taken. It indicated tube ELISA AQP3 and AQP4, AQP9 in liver, AQP2 in kidney, small intestine AQP4, AQP2, AQP3 AQP1 in the pancreas, heart, lung AQP3, AQP4, AQP5 in salivary gland. Results The high dose of AEAA had the slower response. Compared with control group, the nocturnal 12-hour urine volume of normal rats increased significantly on the 2nd and 3rd day (P<0.05, 0.01); compared with the model group, the urine volume and total urine volume of water-loaded rats increased significantly (P<0.05), while the expression of AQP4 in trachea, AQP9 in liver, AQP2 in kidney, AQP3 in pancreas and AQP1 in heart decreased significantly (P<0.05, 0.01). The diuretic effect of medium dose was more effective. Compared with control group, the daily urine volume of 8 hours and the nocturnal urine volume of normal rats increased significantly on the first day (P<0.05, 0.01); compared with the model group, the urine volume and total urine volume of 0~2 h, 2~4 h in the middle dose group increased significantly (P<0.05), the small intestine AQP4, lung and trachea AQP3, and the cardiac AQP1 protein content decreased significantly (P<0.05, 0.01). Compared with model group, the expression of AQP4 in lung and small intestine, AQP3 in large intestine, trachea and AQP9 in liver were significantly decreased in low dose group (P<0.05, 0.01). Conclusion AEAA plays a water-diversifying role by inhibiting the expression of AQP and restraining the body's re-absorption of water.

國家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃（973計(jì)劃）（2013CB531804）