目的 探討馬來(lái)酸麥角新堿注射液預(yù)防性使用對(duì)高危產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)后出血的臨床療效和安全性。方法 選取2018年6月—12月就診于株洲市中心醫(yī)院產(chǎn)后出血高危因素的產(chǎn)婦200例，按照胎兒娩出后和回病房時(shí)用藥情況不同隨機(jī)分為兩組，對(duì)照組為單用縮宮素，觀(guān)察組為縮宮素聯(lián)合麥角新堿（分娩后縮宮素+麥角新堿，術(shù)后麥角新堿）。比較各組術(shù)中及產(chǎn)后2、4、12、24 h出血量，額外產(chǎn)后出血止血措施的使用率及用藥后產(chǎn)婦血壓的變化情況。結(jié)果 觀(guān)察組術(shù)中出血量及產(chǎn)后12、24 h出血增量分別為（337.0±148.1）、（75.8±16.8）、（116.4±20.3） mL，明顯低于對(duì)照組數(shù)據(jù)（281.6±100.7）、（69.9±17.2）、（107.9±17.2）mL，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。比較兩組使用其他宮縮劑及止血措施，觀(guān)察組明顯低于對(duì)照組，差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。結(jié)論 預(yù)防性使用馬來(lái)酸麥角新堿可明顯減少產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)后出血發(fā)生率和出血量，加強(qiáng)子宮收縮安全有效，值得臨床推廣和應(yīng)用。

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of preventive use of for the postpartum hemorrhage in high-risk pregnant women.Methods 200 patients with high-risk of postpartum hemorrhage in our hospital from June to December 2018 were selected as the research subjects. Patients were divided into two groups according to the different situation of medication after delivery of the fetus and on the way back to the ward.The patients in the control group were treated with oxytocin alone, while in the study group, oxytocin combined with ergometrine was used (oxytocin + ergometrine after childbirth, and ergosine after surgery). The bleeding volume and side effects of the operation, 2 h, 4 h, 12 h, and 24 h after operation were analyzed and compared. Analysis of variance or Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.Results In the study group, the amount of blood loss of the operation, 12 h, and 24 h after operation were (337.0±148.1) mL, (75.8±16.8) mL, (116.4±20.3) mL, respectively, which were significantly less than those in control group (281.6±100.7) mL, (69.9±17.2) mL, (107.9±17.2) mL (The patients in the control group were treated with oxytocin alone, while in the study group, oxytocin combined with ergometrine was used (oxytocin + ergometrine after childbirth, and ergosine after surgery). The bleeding volume and side effects of the operation, 2 h, 4 h, 12 h, and 24 h after operation were analyzed and compared. Analysis of variance or Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.Results In the study group, the amount of blood loss of the operation, 12 h, and 24 h after operation were (337.0±148.1) mL, (75.8±16.8) mL, (116.4±20.3) mL, respectively, which were significantly less than those in control group (281.6±100.7) mL, (69.9±17.2) mL, (107.9±17.2) mL (P<0.05). Compare two groups using other contractions and bleeding, the study group significantly lower than the control group, the difference is statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Preventive use of ergotamine maleate can significantly reduce the incidence and amount of postpartum hemorrhage, strengthen uterine contractions safe and effective, worthy of clinical promotion and application.