目的為黃芪種子鑒定提供方法,為按中藥材GAP原則制定相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)操作過程(SOP)提供基礎(chǔ)研究資料.方法采用肉眼直接觀察、光學(xué)顯微鏡觀察和電子顯微鏡進(jìn)行掃描觀察,比較蒙古黃芪和膜莢黃芪兩種藥用黃芪的種子形態(tài)特征和微觀結(jié)構(gòu);通過萌發(fā)試驗(yàn),比較二者的差異.結(jié)果通過肉眼和光學(xué)顯微鏡觀察,兩種黃芪種子的形態(tài)差異不明顯,在電子顯微鏡下觀察,兩種黃芪種子的萌發(fā)孔形狀、種臍和種皮的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)有明顯差異;蒙古黃芪較膜莢黃芪種子硬實(shí)率高,萌發(fā)不整齊,萌發(fā)高峰滯后.結(jié)論在電子顯微鏡下能夠?qū)煞N黃芪種子準(zhǔn)確地做出鑒定,種臍、萌發(fā)孔、種皮的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)可作為鑒別兩種黃芪種子的指標(biāo);種子硬實(shí)率和萌發(fā)動態(tài)規(guī)律可用于兩種黃芪種子的輔助鑒別.

Objective To provide a method for identifying the seeds ofAstragalus membranaceusvar.mongholicus(AMM)and A. membranaceus(AM)and to provide basic research data for establishing relevant Standard Operating Practice(SOP)in accordance with GAP of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.Methods The seed morphologic characteristics and microcosmic structures were observed by eyes,light microscopes,and electron microscoPes;the seed germination rates of AMM and AM were also ornpared.Results There was no obvious discrimination of the seed 1Jhorphology between AMM and AM.There was obvious discrimination on the charac-teristic of germination-hole,the microcosmic structures of seed-umbilici and seed-coats of seeds between AMM and AM.The hard seed percentage for AMM was higher than that of AM,and its sprouting was not even and sprouting peak appeared later than that of AM. Conclusion The seeds of AMM and AM can be identified accuratly with electron microscopes.The patterns of germinationhole. microcosmic structures of seed-umbilici and seed-coats can be used as indices to identify the seeds of AMM and AM.The hard seed percentage and germination characteristics can be used to identify the seeds of AMM and AM subsidiarily.