目的 研究不同時間、不同采集地的防風(fēng)揮發(fā)油量與防風(fēng)根際土壤相關(guān)性。方法 水蒸氣蒸餾法提取防風(fēng)揮發(fā)油，檢測其成分；根據(jù)國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定方法測定根際土壤pH，水解N，速效P、K，全N及有機質(zhì)的量，用SPSS 13.0軟件分析數(shù)據(jù)。結(jié)果 防風(fēng)揮發(fā)油量隨采集地不同由南至北遞減，所含成分明顯不同，但均以1-甲酰基-4-(1-丁烯-3基)-苯和β-沒藥烯為主。防風(fēng)揮發(fā)油量與其根際土壤全N之間呈顯著冪相關(guān)，與水解N呈顯著非線性相關(guān)，而速效P、K、有機質(zhì)，只一批樣品之間呈較好的相關(guān)性。土壤自身pH、水解N與速效P之間，水解N、速效P與速效K之間，水解N、速效P、速效K與有機質(zhì)之間顯著相關(guān)（P＜0.01）；土壤pH與水解N、速效K之間顯著相關(guān)（P＜0.05）。結(jié)論 防風(fēng)揮發(fā)油量在不同采收期差異無規(guī)律性，但其產(chǎn)率受根際土壤全N量的抑制作用顯著，隨其量的增加而顯著降低，而水解N、速效P、K及有機質(zhì)量適宜時可顯著提高揮發(fā)油產(chǎn)率。土壤pH則可以通過調(diào)節(jié)土壤其他化學(xué)性質(zhì)而影響防風(fēng)揮發(fā)油的量。

Objective To study the correlation between the content of volatile oil and the rhizosphere soil from the roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata collected from different regions at different harvest time. Methods The volatile oil from the roots of S. divaricata was extracted by steam distillation and analyzed. According to the National Standard of the People’s Republic of China, we determined the pH value, total nitrogen, hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter in the rhizosphere soil of S. divaricata. The obtained data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software. Results The content of volatile oil in the roots of S. divaricata presented a trend of decrease with different collection regions from south to north and the main chemical components were significantly different, in which 1-(1-formylethyl)-4-(1-buten-3-yl)-benzene and β-bisabolene were found as the principal components. There was a significantly negative power function relationship between the content of volatile oil and the total nitrogen, a significantly non-linear correlation between the content of volatile oil and the hydrolysable nitrogen, but a good correlation between content of volatile oil and available phosphorus, available potassium, and the content of organic matter was found only in the first sample. There were significant good correlations of the pH value and hydrolysable nitrogen with available phosphorus, hydrolysable nitrogen, and available phosphorus with available potassium, hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium with organic matter in rhizosphere soil (P < 0.01 ). The significant correlation of hydrolysable nitrogen, available potassium with pH was found (P < 0.05). Conclusion There is no significant difference among the contents of volatile oil extracted from S. divaricata collected at different harvest time. There is a negative correlation between the total nitrogen content in rhizosphere soil and the content of volatile oil, namely, the productivity of volatile oil decreases with the increase of total nitrogen content, while the optimal contents of hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter could accumulate the content of volatile oil. On the other hand, pH value may affect the content of volatile oil by modulating the other chemical properties of the rhizosphere soil.

國家科技支撐項目“人參規(guī)范化種植提升、系列產(chǎn)品綜合開發(fā)及品牌培育研究”（2011BAI03B01）