目的 對(duì)北柴胡移栽試管植株和種子植株不同生長(zhǎng)時(shí)期的遺傳參數(shù)進(jìn)行分析、比較，為優(yōu)質(zhì)北柴胡育種方法的建立和篩選提供依據(jù)。方法 將試管植株移栽至大田中，將相同類(lèi)型的種子播撒至大田中。第二年植株返青后標(biāo)記并對(duì)分蘗數(shù)、分枝數(shù)、葉片數(shù)、葉長(zhǎng)、葉寬、拔節(jié)數(shù)、節(jié)間距、莖粗和、株高、花序數(shù)等性狀值定時(shí)進(jìn)行測(cè)量，在種子成熟后采挖根并測(cè)量根長(zhǎng)、根粗、根質(zhì)量等藥材性狀指標(biāo)。應(yīng)用SPSS 20.0軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。結(jié)果 北柴胡移栽試管植株在不同生長(zhǎng)期遺傳參數(shù)的相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差均較小，植株整齊一致，個(gè)體差異小，遺傳性狀穩(wěn)定；移栽試管植株在不同生長(zhǎng)期各性狀間的相關(guān)性與種子植株存在一定的差異；與種子植株相比，移栽試管植株的根產(chǎn)量和種子產(chǎn)量均具明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)，藥材性狀和質(zhì)量比較均一。結(jié)論 北柴胡移栽試管植株的植物學(xué)和生藥學(xué)性狀優(yōu)于種子植株，植物組織培養(yǎng)技術(shù)是優(yōu)良北柴胡種質(zhì)選育的有效方法。

Objective Analyzing hereditary parameters and comparing the test-tube plants population of Bupleurum chinense and seeding plants in different growing periods to provide the basis for building and screening out the right way to foster superior seeds of B. chinense. Methods The test-tube plants were transplanted into the croplands and the same type of seeds were sowed at the same time. Until the next year, after the reviving of the plants, the plants were marked and the timing measure on the data of number of tiller, number of branches, number of leaves, length of leaves, width of leaves, number of jointings, length of jointing, sum of stem thickness, plant height, and number of flowers was carried out. Then, the roots were dug up and the medical characters of the roots, for instance, length, degree of thickness, and weight of the roots were measured. Following that, the statistic analysis on the data was conducted by using the software of SPSS 20.0. Results The relative standard deviation values of test-tube plants population of B. chinense in diverse genetic characters were all relatively small. Moreover, plants were tidy, individual difference was tiny, and genetic characters were stable. In addition, the relevance of the characters of test-tube plants in various growing periods had some differences with the seeding plants. At last, compared with the seeding plants, the test-tube plants populations of B. chinense had more obvious superiority on the yield of roots and output of seeds. Additionally, the medicinal characters and quality were quite even. Conclusion Compared with the seeding plants, the test-tube plants population of B. chinense has the superior botanical and pharmacognosy characters. Moreover, plant tissue culture technique is an effective way to breed and enlarge the superior seeds of B. chinense.

山西省科技攻關(guān)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目（20100311091）