目的 揭示石菖蒲Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma揮發(fā)油提取過程中揮發(fā)性成分的提取、分布規(guī)律及影響因素，為揮發(fā)油去“乳化”技術提供理論參考。方法 水蒸氣蒸餾法提取石菖蒲揮發(fā)油，每30分鐘收集提取液并分離芳香水和揮發(fā)油部分。結果 實驗共測得56個揮發(fā)性成分，其中β-細辛醚、甲基丁香酚、順式-甲基異丁香酚、γ-細辛醚為主要特征成分，水中特有成分41個，油中特有成分4個，油水共有成分11個。相關性分析表明，水中特有成分與水中主要成分的溶出/擴散呈正相關，而與揮發(fā)油中主要成分呈負相關。水中特有成分在水中溶解度較高。雷達特征圖譜及主成分（PCA）結果表明，水中特有成分的水溶解度和沸點極高，油水共有成分的蒸氣壓最高，油中特有成分的極性表面積和沸點較高。水溶性、沸點、極性表面積、蒸氣壓等是影響成分分布的主要理化性質。結論 石菖蒲揮發(fā)性成分因理化性質不同，在芳香水部分和揮發(fā)油部分分布差異較大，水中特有成分可能是揮發(fā)油提取過程中產生“乳化”現(xiàn)象的重要原因。

Objective The experiment was designed to reveal the extraction, distribution and influencing factors of volatile components in the extraction process of volatile oil from Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (ATR). Methods Volatile oil of ATR was extracted by steam distillation and the extract was collected every 30 min to separate the aromatic water and volatile oil. Results A total of 56 volatile compounds were determined, of which β-asarone, methyleugenol, cis-methylisoeugenol and γ-asarone were the main characteristic constituents. There were 41 kinds of components distributed only in water, four components only in oil and 11 kinds in both oil and water. Correlation analysis showed that the specific components in water were positively correlated with the dissolution/diffusion of the main components in water, but negatively correlated with the main components in volatile oil. The water solubility of the unique components in water was the highest. The results of radar and PCA showed that the water solubility and boiling point of the specific components in water were very high, the vapor pressure of the common components of oil and water was the highest, and the polar surface areas of the special components in oil were high. Conclusion Affected by the physical and chemical properties of volatile component, some components specifically distributed in water increased the content of main components in the aromatic water, may resulting in volatile oil extraction process easy to "emulsification", in turn, leading to an important reason for the declining quality of volatile oil.

國家重點研發(fā)計劃（2018YFC1706904）；國家自然科學基金項目（81703720）；陜西省重點研發(fā)計劃項目（2018SF-314）；陜西省中藥制藥重點學科項目（303061107）；陜西中醫(yī)藥大學學科創(chuàng)新團隊項目（2019-YL11）；陜西省中醫(yī)藥管理局中藥制藥工程重點學科項目（20170103）；陜西省教育廳資助項目（18JK0208）；陜西省科技廳自然科學基礎研究計劃（2018JQ8022）