目的 研究裸花紫珠不同采收部位、不同生育期的化學(xué)成分含量變化規(guī)律，為確定裸花紫珠最佳采收部位和采收期提供理論依據(jù)。方法 采用UV法測定總黃酮、總酚酸、總皂苷含量，HPLC法測定7種單體成分含量，并運用方差分析及主成分分析法對各成分含量進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析。結(jié)果 浸膏得率、總黃酮、總酚酸、總皂苷、連翹酯苷B、毛蕊花糖苷、異毛蕊花糖苷、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷以功能葉含量最高，咖啡酸、木犀草苷和木犀草素則在嫩葉中含量最高，且均與嫩枝呈顯著性差異（P<0.05）。在10個不同生育期內(nèi)，除木犀草素含量呈下降趨勢外，其余成分大體呈先升高后降低的趨勢。浸膏得率、總黃酮、咖啡酸與異毛蕊花糖苷在坐果前期含量最高，但與盛花期含量無顯著性差異（P>0.05）?？偡铀?、總皂苷、連翹酯苷B和毛蕊花糖苷在盛花期含量最高，但與坐果前期無顯著性差異（P>0.05）。木犀草苷與芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷則分別在熟果前期和熟果后期含量最高，且與坐果前期均無顯著性差異（P>0.05）。各化學(xué)成分在落果期含量降到最低，且均與坐果前期及盛花期呈顯著性差異（P<0.05）。通過主成分分析構(gòu)建的綜合評價模型可知，坐果前期綜合評分最高（F=3.252），其次為盛花期（F=3.011）。結(jié)論 不同采收部位、生育期的裸花紫珠主要化學(xué)成分含量差異顯著，裸花紫珠主要化學(xué)成分在功能葉及嫩葉中分布較多，且在盛花期到坐果前期化學(xué)成分積累較多。

Objective To provide the theoretical basis for determining the best harvesting plant organ and harvesting period, and investigate the content of chemical constituents of Callicarpa nudiflora in different plant organs and different growth periods. Methods The contents of total flavonoids, total phenolic acid and total saponins were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and the seven components were determined by HPLC. The ANOVA and PCA methods were used to analyze the content of each constituent. Results The dry extract rate, the contents of total flavonoids, total phenolic acid, total saponins, forsythiaside B, acteoside, isoacteoside, and apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside in functional leaves were the highest, while the contents of caffeic acid, galuteolin and luteolin in tender leaves were the highest, and all of them were significantly different from the young shoots (P<0.05). In ten different growth periods, except for the content of luteolin which showed a decreasing trend, the content of other components showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing. The dry extract rate, the content of total flavonoids, caffeic acid and isoacteoside were the highest in the earlier fruit-setting (EFS) period, and there was no significant difference with the full-bloom (FB) period (P>0.05). The contents of total phenolic acid, total saponins, forsythiaside B, and acteoside were the highest in the FB period, and there was no significant difference with the EFS period (P>0.05). The contents of galuteolin and apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were the highest in the earlier fruit maturation (EFM) period and the later fruit maturation (LFM) period, respectively, and there was no significant difference with the EFS period (P>0.05). The contents of each chemical component were reduced to the minimum at the fruit-drop (FD) period, and it was significantly different from that at the EFS period and the FB period (P<0.05). According to the comprehensive evaluation model constructed by PCA, the comprehensive score of the EFS period was the highest (F=3.252), followed by the FB period (F=3.011). Conclusion Main chemical constituents of C. nudiflora were significantly different in harvesting parts and growth periods. The contents of main chemical constituents were higher in functional leaves and tender leaves, and the contents of main chemical constituents were higher from FB period to EFS period.

R286.2

海南省重大科技計劃子課題（ZDKJ2016005-03）；科技部科技基礎(chǔ)性工作專項子課題（2015FY111500-060）