茯苓多糖是茯苓菌核、菌絲體及發(fā)酵液的主要活性物質(zhì)之一，具有免疫調(diào)節(jié)、抗腫瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗抑郁、保肝健胃、提高記憶力及鎮(zhèn)靜催眠等活性，但其構(gòu)效關(guān)系一直未得到充分解析，且茯苓菌核不同部位和通過不同培養(yǎng)工藝合成的茯苓多糖結(jié)構(gòu)也普遍存在差異，因此僅依賴經(jīng)典的總多糖含量分析方法無法實(shí)現(xiàn)對茯苓多糖結(jié)構(gòu)和活性的客觀評價，有必要開展有關(guān)茯苓多糖的構(gòu)效關(guān)系探索，并建立可實(shí)現(xiàn)對茯苓多糖進(jìn)行定性、定量分析的系統(tǒng)評價方法，助力茯苓多糖的科學(xué)應(yīng)用與開發(fā)。基于此，對茯苓多糖的結(jié)構(gòu)、生物活性進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)綜述，在此基礎(chǔ)上探討其構(gòu)效關(guān)系，為茯苓多糖的科學(xué)分析、結(jié)構(gòu)修飾、生物合成及綜合開發(fā)提供參考。

Fuling (Wolfiporia hoelen) polysaccharides (WHP), one of the main active substances in the sclerotia, mycelia and fermentation broth of Wolfiporia hoelen, are composed of more than ten monosaccharides linked through glucosidic bonds, and show a series of multiple activities including immune regulation, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-depression, liver and stomach protection, memory enhancement, and sedative and hypnotic effects. However, the structure-activity relationship of WHP has not been fully elucidated. Moreover, the structures of WHP isolated from different parts of sclerotia of Wolfiporia hoelen or biosynthesized through different culture processes are also generally different. Consequently, classical total polysaccharide content analysis methods alone are insufficient for an objective evaluation of WHP’s structures and activities. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the structure-activity relationships of WHP and to establish a systematic method for qualitative and quantitative analysis to improve its scientific application and development. This review systematically summarizes the structures and biological activities of WHP, and discusses the structure-activity relationship of WHP systemically, which could provide a comprehensive reference for the scientific analysis, structural modification, biosynthesis and comprehensive development of WHP.

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國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(81973211/C0033375);湖南省自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(2024JJ8168);長沙市自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(kq2402180);湖南中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)研究生創(chuàng)新課題(校行研字[2023]21號-2023CX139);湖南中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)"十四五"重點(diǎn)學(xué)科-生物工程學(xué)科(校行發(fā)規(guī)字[2023]2號)