目的 為篩選川貝母Fritillaria cirrhosa優(yōu)質(zhì)種質(zhì)資源，開展新品種和良種選育，通過性狀變異進(jìn)行表型調(diào)查。方法 采用隸屬函數(shù)和偏最小二乘-回歸分析（partial least square-regression analysis，PLS-R）、相關(guān)性分析（correlation analysis，CA）、聚類分析、主成分分析（principal component analysis，PCA）等方法，對(duì)23份種質(zhì)資源的10個(gè)農(nóng)藝性狀、5個(gè)生理和9個(gè)品質(zhì)性狀進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果 農(nóng)藝性狀的多樣性指數(shù)為1.808～2.337，其中鱗莖鮮質(zhì)量和果質(zhì)量的多樣性指數(shù)最高，均為2.30。24個(gè)數(shù)量性狀的變異系數(shù)為6.63%～102.36%，其中農(nóng)藝性狀的變異主要來源于果質(zhì)量、花朵數(shù)目和鱗莖鮮質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)指標(biāo)的變異主要來源于鳥苷、腺苷和胸苷的差異。相關(guān)性分析顯示生物堿含量和鱗莖鮮質(zhì)量與莖粗、葉長、果長、果直徑以及果質(zhì)量等都表現(xiàn)出了正相關(guān)關(guān)系。聚類分析將收集的種質(zhì)分成3大類群，第Ⅰ類群具有鱗莖鮮質(zhì)量、生物堿含量和果實(shí)質(zhì)量較高的特點(diǎn)，第Ⅲ類群中核苷類物質(zhì)含量較高。PCA將24個(gè)性狀簡化為6個(gè)主成分，累積貢獻(xiàn)率為78.746%。PLS-R與偏最小二乘-判別分析（partial least square-discriminant analysis，PLS-DA）揭示果直徑、葉寬和脫氧腺苷、鳥嘌呤對(duì)D值的貢獻(xiàn)較大，可作為篩選優(yōu)良種源的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)。結(jié)論 綜合排名前3位的種質(zhì)為ZA、HG、GH表型，具有品質(zhì)優(yōu)，含量豐富的特點(diǎn)，可作為潛在的良種進(jìn)行培育。川貝母農(nóng)藝性狀中的葉寬、莖粗和鱗莖鮮質(zhì)量，以及品質(zhì)性狀中的脫氧腺苷、鳥嘌呤和尿嘧啶，是區(qū)分川貝母優(yōu)劣的關(guān)鍵性狀。對(duì)川貝母表型進(jìn)行了較為全面的分類并開展資源系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)，可為川貝母遺傳資源挖掘和良種選育奠定基礎(chǔ)。

Objective In order to screen high-quality germplasm resources of Fritillaria cirrhosa and conduct selection and breeding of new and improved varieties, this study conducted a phenotypic survey through trait variations.Methods Various methods were employed, including affiliation function, partial least squares-regression analysis (PLS-R), correlation analysis (CA), cluster analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA), to comprehensively evaluate 10 agronomic, five physiological, and nine qualitative traits among 23 germplasm resources. Results The results demonstrated that the diversity indices of agronomic traits ranged from 1.808 to 2.337, with the highest diversity indices for bulb fresh weight and fruit weight, both of which were 2.30. The coefficients of variation for the 24 quantitative traits ranged from 6.63% to 102.36%, with the variations of the agronomic traits mainly originating from the variations in fruit weight, number of flowers, and bulb fresh weight; and those of the quality indexes mainly originating from the differences in guanosine, adenosine and thymosine. Correlation analyses revealed positive associations between alkaloid content and bulb fresh weight with stem thickness, leaf length, fruit length, fruit diameter, and fruit weight. Cluster analysis classified the collected germplasm into three major groups. Group I was characterised by higher bulb fresh weight, alkaloid content and fruit weight, and group III had a higher content of nucleosides. PCA simplified 24 traits into six principal components with a cumulative contribution of 78.746%. PLS-R and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed that fruit diameter, leaf width and deoxyadenosine and guanine contributed more to the D value, which can be used as a key index to screen for good seed sources.Conclusion The top 3 comprehensively ranked germplasm were ZA, HG, and GH phenotypes, which were characterised by excellent quality and rich content. These varieties hold potential as valuable seed sources. Leaf width, stem thickness and bulb fresh weight in agronomic traits, and deoxyadenosine, guanine and uracil in quality traits were screened as the key traits to differentiate the superiority and inferiority of F. cirrhosa. The present study provides a more comprehensive classification and resource systematic evaluation of the phenotypes of F. cirrhosa, serving as a foundation for genetic resource exploration and breed selection of F. cirrhosa.

R286.2

中國中醫(yī)科學(xué)院科技創(chuàng)新工程項(xiàng)目（CI2024C003YN，CI2021A03910）;國家重大新藥創(chuàng)制科技重大專項(xiàng)（2019ZX09201005-006-001）;中央級(jí)公益性科研院所基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金（L2023022，Z2023014，ZXKT22061，ZZ18-YQ-036）