人參屬植物是中藥重要來(lái)源種屬之一，包含人參Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma、三七Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma、西洋參Panacis Quinquefolii Radix、珠子參Panacis Majoris Rhizoma、竹節(jié)參Panacis Japonici Rhizoma等名貴中藥，但其重金屬污染問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重影響了藥材質(zhì)量與進(jìn)出貿(mào)易。通過(guò)對(duì)近30年本領(lǐng)域相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)與數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)整理，以《中國(guó)藥典》2020年版為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)不同地區(qū)的人參、三七、西洋參、珠子參、竹節(jié)參中銅、鉛、砷、鎘、汞5種重金屬污染現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行總結(jié)。結(jié)果表明，目前人參屬來(lái)源中藥材的重金屬檢測(cè)方法多為電感耦合等離子體-質(zhì)譜法等傳統(tǒng)儀器檢測(cè)方法，未來(lái)可以進(jìn)一步開(kāi)發(fā)更快速、更便捷、更靈敏的新型重金屬檢測(cè)方法。同時(shí)，針對(duì)重金屬污染的消減措施方面，應(yīng)從種植源頭、運(yùn)輸及加工等減少重金屬污染，提高人參屬來(lái)源中藥材的質(zhì)量與用藥安全。

The Panax genus is a crucial source of Chinese herbal medicines, including valuable species like Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Sanqi (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Xiyangshen (Panacis Quinquefolii Radix), Zhuzishen (Panacis Majoris Rhizoma), Zhujieshen (Panacis Japonici Rhizoma) and other valuable Chinese herbs. However, heavy metal contamination poses a significant challenge, severely impacting the quality of these medicinal materials and their domestic and international trades. This paper systematically reviews the relevant literature and data from the past 30 years, summarizing the current status of contamination by five heavy metals — copper, lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury — in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Panacis Quinquefolii Radix, Panacis Majoris Rhizoma and Panacis Japonici Rhizoma from different regions, using the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China as the standard. The results show most methods for detecting heavy metals in Panax genus and related Chinese herbal medicines rely on traditional instrumental techniques like ICP-MS at present. In the future, faster, more convenient, and more sensitive detection methods should be developed. Additionally, to mitigate heavy metal contamination, efforts should focus on reducing heavy metal content at the source — during cultivation, transportation, and processing — to enhance the quality and safety of Panax-based Chinese herbal medicines.

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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目（82373987）;中國(guó)中醫(yī)科學(xué)院科技創(chuàng)新工程項(xiàng)目（CI2023E002，CI2024C007YN）