目的 對(duì)黃精Polygonati Rhizoma蜜炙炮制工藝進(jìn)行篩選，對(duì)其蜜炙前后體內(nèi)外活性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。方法 采用正交試驗(yàn)考察加蜜量、蒸炙時(shí)間和蒸炙次數(shù)對(duì)蜜炙過程的影響，采用電子眼技術(shù)從外在角度評(píng)價(jià)黃精蜜炙后的顏色變化，選取醇溶性浸出物含量、多糖含量結(jié)合蜜炙黃精飲片的性狀評(píng)分進(jìn)行組合加權(quán)評(píng)分，以綜合評(píng)分作為指標(biāo)，優(yōu)選出蜜炙黃精的最佳炮制工藝參數(shù)；采用鐵還原力實(shí)驗(yàn)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基、超氧陰離子自由基和羥基自由基清除法對(duì)體外抗氧化活性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)；建立脾虛小鼠模型，評(píng)價(jià)蜜炙黃精對(duì)脾虛小鼠的調(diào)節(jié)作用。結(jié)果 蜜炙黃精的最佳炮制工藝參數(shù)為蜂蜜（中蜜）用量為黃精用量的25%，蒸炙5次，每次3 h；最佳工藝的色度為L^* 42.400～42.900，a^* 8.400～8.600，b^* 18.300～19.900，E^*_ab 46.900～47.800；體外活性評(píng)價(jià)顯示，蜜炙黃精、生黃精水提液及其對(duì)應(yīng)水溶性多糖均有一定的鐵還原能力，并能夠清除DPPH自由基、超氧陰離子及羥基自由基，其中，蜜炙黃精抗氧化活性顯著優(yōu)于生黃精，蜜炙黃精多糖活性最優(yōu)。體內(nèi)活性研究表明，與脾虛小鼠模型組相比，蜜炙黃精干預(yù)后小鼠體質(zhì)量及胸腺、脾臟指數(shù)及脾臟病理損傷均不同程度恢復(fù)；脾虛小鼠血清中胃動(dòng)素、白細(xì)胞介素-1β分泌量顯著升高（P＜0.05）；肝臟中氧化酶谷胱甘肽、過氧化氫酶及超氧化物歧化酶含量均有一定程度恢復(fù)（P＜0.05），丙二醛含量顯著降低（P＜0.05）。其中，蜜炙黃精對(duì)脾虛小鼠調(diào)節(jié)作用優(yōu)于生品黃精，以蜜炙黃精多糖調(diào)節(jié)作用最佳。結(jié)論 篩選的黃精蜜炙炮制工藝穩(wěn)定、可行；蜜炙黃精具有抗氧化活性和調(diào)節(jié)脾虛作用，可作為一種潛在的抗氧化劑和免疫調(diào)節(jié)劑；為黃精蜜炙系列中藥、保健品、食品開發(fā)提供理論基礎(chǔ)。

Objective Td to optimize the honey-frying process of Huangjing (Polygonati Rhizoma) and evaluate the in vitro and in vivo activities before and after honey-frying. Methods An orthogonal experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of honey amount, steaming time, and steaming frequency on the honey-frying process. An electronic eye technology was used to evaluate the color change of honey-fried Polygonati Rhizoma from an external perspective. The optimal honey-frying parameters were determined by a combination weighted score based on the content of alcohol-soluble extracts, polysaccharides, and the sensory evaluation of honey-fried Polygonati Rhizoma decoction pieces. The antioxidant activity in vitro was assessed using the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. Additionally, a spleen-deficiency mouse model was established to evaluate the regulatory effect of honey-fried Polygonati Rhizoma on spleen-deficient mice. Results The optimal honey-frying parameters were 25% honey (medium honey) by weight of Polygonati Rhizoma steaming five times for 3 h. The optimal chroma of L^*, a^*, b^*and E^*_ab for the process were in the ranges of 42.400—42.900, 8.400—8.600, 18.300—19.900, and 46.900—47.800, respectively. The activity tests in vitro showed that both honey-fried and raw Polygonati Rhizoma water extracts, as well as their corresponding water-soluble polysaccharides, had certain iron-reducing abilities and scavenging effects on DPPH radicals, superoxide anions, and hydroxyl radicals. The antioxidant activity of honey-fried Polygonati Rhizoma was significantly higher than that of raw Polygonati Rhizoma, with honey-fried Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharides showing the best antioxidant activity. The activity tests in vivo demonstrated that compared to the model group, spleen-deficient mice intervened with honey-fried Polygonati Rhizoma showed recovery in body weight, thymus and spleen indices, and spleen pathological damage. Serum levels of motilin and interleukin-1β increased (P < 0.05), and the contents of glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase in the liver were partially restored (P < 0.05), while malonaldehyde content significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Honey-fried Polygonati Rhizoma showed superior regulatory effects on spleen-deficient mice compared to the raw Polygonati Rhizoma, with honey-fried Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharides exhibiting the best regulatory effect. Conclusion The optimized honey-frying process for Polygonati Rhizoma is stable and feasible. Honey-fried Polygonati Rhizoma demonstrates antioxidant activity and regulatory effects on spleen deficiency, indicating its potential as an antioxidant and immunomodulatory agent. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of honey-fried Polygonati Rhizoma-based traditional Chinese medicine, health products and foods.

R283.6

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目（82304727）;國(guó)家中醫(yī)藥管理局全國(guó)老藥工傳承工作室（[2024]255號(hào)）;國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)資金;陜西省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目（2024SF-YBXM-460）;陜西省中醫(yī)藥管理局項(xiàng)目（2021-QYZL-01）;陜西省中醫(yī)藥管理局項(xiàng)目（SZY-KJCYC-2023-027）;“秦藥”研發(fā)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室（2021-QYPT-001）