目的 以四季抗病毒合劑為研究對象，探究臨界滲透壓結合亞臨界通量操作對四季抗病毒合劑反滲透膜濃縮過程的影響。方法 采用冰點滲透壓測定儀測定四季抗病毒合劑反滲透膜過程的臨界滲透壓，并檢測其膜通量及有效成分含量變化。采用壓力階梯法測定四季抗病毒合劑反滲透膜過程臨界通量。將臨界滲透壓引入亞臨界通量操作進行反滲透膜濃縮，分析不同操作方式對膜污染的影響。結果 四季抗病毒合劑反滲透膜過程的臨界滲透壓為89.8 mOsm/kg，當?shù)陀谂R界滲透壓操作時，膜污染明顯下降。四季抗病毒合劑反滲透膜過程的臨界通量為15.61 L/(m²∙h)，在超臨界通量、臨界通量、亞臨界通量操作下膜通量分別衰減了13.9%、12.3%、6.1%。在亞臨界通量操作時膜阻力增長最為緩慢。將臨界滲透壓結合亞臨界通量操作可有效降低膜污染，提高膜濃縮效率。結論 臨界滲透壓結合亞臨界通量操作可改善四季抗病毒合劑反滲透膜濃縮過程，降低膜污染程度，為中藥膜技術的高效應用提供了參考借鑒。

Objective The effect of critical osmotic pressure combined with subcritical flux operation on the reverse osmosis membrane concentration process of Four-season Antiviral Mixture (四季抗病毒合劑) was investigated. Methods The critical osmotic pressure of the reverse osmosis membrane process of Four-season Antiviral Mixture was determined by freezing osmolality tester, and the changes of the membrane flux and the content of active ingredients were detected. The pressure step method was used to determine the critical flux of the reverse osmosis membrane process of Four-season Antiviral Mixture. The critical osmotic pressure was introduced into the subcritical flux operation for reverse osmosis membrane concentration, and the effects of different operation methods on membrane contamination were analysed. Results The critical osmotic pressure of Four-season Antiviral Mixture reverse osmosis membrane process was 89.8 mOsm/kg, and the membrane contamination decreased significantly when operated below the critical osmotic pressure. The critical flux of the Four-season Antiviral Mixture reverse osmosis membrane process was 15.61 L/m²/h, and the membrane flux decayed by 13.9%, 12.3%, and 6.1% under supercritical flux, critical flux, and subcritical flux operations, respectively. Membrane resistance grew the most slowly during subcritical flux operation. Combining critical osmotic pressure with subcritical flux operation can effectively reduce membrane contamination and improve membrane concentration efficiency. Conclusion The combination of critical osmotic pressure and subcritical flux operation has been demonstrated to enhance the reverse osmosis membrane concentration process, thereby reducing the degree of membrane contamination of Four-season Antiviral Mixture, which provides a valuable reference point for the efficient application of traditional Chinese medicine membrane technology.

R283.6

國家自然科學基金項目（81803744）;陜西省科技廳重點研發(fā)計劃一般項目（2023-YBSF-376）;陜西省中醫(yī)藥管理局中藥制藥工程重點學科資助項目