根及根莖類藥材在長期的種植栽培中出現(xiàn)早抽薹開花現(xiàn)象，嚴(yán)重影響藥材產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)，因此，急需通過現(xiàn)代生物技術(shù)手段解決早抽薹問題。以所發(fā)表的研究論文、專著等為基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)《中國藥典》2020年版中根及根莖類藥材抽薹相關(guān)的數(shù)量、抽薹對(duì)根及根莖類藥材產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響、控制/促進(jìn)抽薹的方法、調(diào)控抽薹開花的機(jī)制等方面的研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行歸納和分析。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，《中國藥典》2020年版收錄的169種根及根莖類藥材中，有75種與抽薹相關(guān)，其中，73種已報(bào)道了抽薹會(huì)影響產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)；總結(jié)抽薹對(duì)18種藥材生長發(fā)育、藥用成分和基因表達(dá)的影響；分析控制/促進(jìn)抽薹的方法和調(diào)控抽薹開花的機(jī)制；同時(shí)，總結(jié)了甲基化調(diào)控藥用植物開花的研究進(jìn)展，旨在為提高根及根莖類藥材產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)提供有益參考。

Early bolting and flowering (EBF) are being occurred during the long-term cultivation of root- and rhizome-derived traditional Chinese medicines (RR-TCMs), which seriously affects the yield and quality, thus, EBF became a problem that needs to be solved as soon as possible through modern biotechnology. Here, based on previously published research articles and monographs, the research progress on the bolting number of RR-TCMs, the effects of EBF on yield and quality of RR-TCMs, the methods of controlling and enhancing EBF, the mechanism of regulating EBF listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Edition 2020) were summarized and analyzed. The results showed that 75 RR-TCMs were related to bolting in the 169 RR-TCMs listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and 73 RR-TCMs with the effects of EBF on yield and quality had been reported; the effects of EBF on growth and development, medical compounds, and genes expression of 18 RR-TCMs were summarized. The methods of controlling or enhancing the EBF as well as the mechanism of regulating the EBF were analyzed, meanwhile, the research progress of methylation regulating on the flowering of medical plants were summarized, with view to providing scientific references to improve the yield and quality of RR-TCMs.

R286.2

財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目（CARS-21）;國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目（32160083）;國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目（03123053）;甘肅省科技重大專項(xiàng)（23ZDNK002）;甘肅省科技支撐項(xiàng)目（KJZC-2023-11）;甘肅省科技廳重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目（22YF7NA111）