目的 以養(yǎng)陰類中藥及其多糖組分為研究對象，通過數據挖掘和關聯分析，揭示其物質結構與生物效應的密切關聯性，為養(yǎng)陰類中藥藥性闡釋及多糖類成分的開發(fā)利用提供科學依據。方法 通過檢索養(yǎng)陰類中藥多糖的結構與生物效應相關信息，運用Microsoft Excel建立養(yǎng)陰類中藥多糖相對分子質量、糖苷鍵類型、單糖組成及其生物活性數據表，并運用SPSS Modeler 18.0軟件中Apriori算法進行關聯分析。結果 養(yǎng)陰類中藥多糖主要由葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖通過1→4和1→6糖苷鍵連接而成，其主要的生物效應包括抗氧化、調節(jié)免疫和降血糖等。關聯分析發(fā)現，養(yǎng)陰類中藥多糖的相對分子質量、糖苷鍵類型和單糖組成與其生物效應具有明顯相關性。其中，相對分子質量＜1×10⁴與抗氧化效應相關性最強，相對分子質量1×10⁴～1×10⁵與調節(jié)免疫效應相關性最強，1→4糖苷鍵類型與抗腫瘤和調節(jié)免疫效應相關性最強，葡萄糖與調節(jié)免疫效應相關性最強。結論 石斛、黃精、麥冬、枸杞子等養(yǎng)陰類中藥所含多糖類物質與維持體內陰液，促進津液生成，提高免疫機能等生物活性密切相關。多糖結構特征與養(yǎng)陰功效之間的關聯關系與規(guī)律性認知，可為揭示其藥性特點、指導中醫(yī)臨床合理用藥以及發(fā)現和創(chuàng)制新藥提供科學依據。

Objective To elucidate the intrinsic relationship between the structural characteristics of polysaccharides from yin-nourishing traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and their biological effects through data mining and association analysis taking the yin-nourishing TCMs and its polysaccharide components as the research object, thereby providing a scientific foundation for interpreting their pharmacological properties and advancing the development and utilization of polysaccharides. Methods By searching for the structure and biological effects of polysaccharides of yin-nourishing TCMs, the data on the molecular weight, glycosidic bond types, monosaccharide composition, and bioactivity of these polysaccharides were compiled using Microsoft Excel and correlation analysis was conducted using the Apriori algorithm in SPSS Modeler 18.0. Results Data mining revealed that the polysaccharides from yin-nourishing TCMs are primarily composed of glucose, mannose, and galactose linked by 1→4 and 1→6 glycosidic bonds, with their predominant biological effects including antioxidant activity, immune regulation, and hypoglycemic effects. The correlation analysis further identified significant correlations between the molecular weight, glycosidic bond types, and monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides and their biological effects. Specifically, polysaccharides with a molecular weight of less than 1 × 10⁴ were most strongly associated with antioxidant activity, those with a molecular weight of 1 × 10⁴—1 × 10⁵ were closely related to immune regulation, the 1→4 glycosidic bond type was closely related to anti-tumor and immune regulation effects, and glucose was closely related to immune regulation effects. Conclusion Polysaccharides from yin-nourishing TCMs such as Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis), Huangjing (Polygonati Rhizoma), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix) and Gouqizi (Lycii Fructus) are critically associated with maintaining yin-fluid balance, promoting bodily fluid production, and enhancing immune function. The relationship and regularity of polysaccharide structure characteristics and yin-nourishing effect can provide scientific basis for revealing its medicinal properties, guiding clinical rational drug use, and discovering and creating new drugs.

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江蘇省自然科學基金青年項目（BK20231462，BK20240749）；國家自然科學基金青年項目（82405025）；江蘇省高等學?；A科學（自然科學）研究面上項目（23KJB360010，24KJB360017）；江蘇省“雙創(chuàng)博士”項目（JSSCBS20230146）；江蘇省中藥資源產業(yè)化過程協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心開放課題重點項目（ZDXM-2023-17）；國家中醫(yī)藥管理局高水平中醫(yī)藥重點學科建設項目—中藥資源化學（zyyzdxk-2023083）；國家自然科學基金區(qū)域創(chuàng)新發(fā)展聯合基金重點項目（U21A20408）